Question

Industrial waste containing non-biodegradable substance left in a pool of water and a person eating a fish of that water, showing signs of toxicity is a typical example of:
(A) biological multiplication
(B) biological magnification
(C) accidental care of toxicity
(D) not fish but the person showing the toxic effect

Answer 1

Hint: Toxicity increases from successive trophic levels and is maximum at the highest trophic level, by the process of biomagnification and energy/productivity decreases from successive trophic level, so it is maximum at the lowest trophic level and minimum at the highest trophic level. Biomagnification is a process by which toxicity increases successively at each trophic level.
Step by step solution:
Biomagnification is the accumulation of a chemical by an organism as a result of exposure to both food and water, resulting in a concentration that is higher than what would have been expected from equilibrium and higher than what would have occurred with only water exposure. When slightly larger creatures known as zooplankton eat the contaminated phytoplankton and then absorb POPs into their own tissues at a higher concentration, the process is known as biomagnification. A zooplankton's body will contain more contaminants the more contaminated phytoplankton it consumes.
For example - in a food chain, zooplankton which eats phytoplankton has a higher level of toxin and it is eaten by small fishes, so these small fishes will have more toxins than large fishes, and these small fishes are in turn eaten up by large fishes and these large fishes by birds, so eventually, the one at the highest trophic level that is the bird here will have the highest level of toxins.
In contrast to home sewage, wastewater from sectors like petroleum, paper manufacture, metal extraction and processing, chemical manufacturing, etc., frequently contains especially dangerous compounds are heavy metals (defined as Items with a density greater than 5 g/cm3 like mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, and other heavy metals) and a range of organic compounds. Several poisonous chemicals are frequently found in industries, and biological amplification of waste fluids is possible. In the aquatic food chain, there is (biomagnification). The term "biomagnification" describes an increase in the poison at progressively higher trophic levels. This occurs because a creature acquired a poisonous chemical that cannot be metabolised or eliminated, thus it is transferred to the trophic level above that. Both mercury and DDT are well-known for this behaviour.
So, option (B) is correct.
Note: Though domestic sewage does not contain harmful toxins and it cannot lead to biomagnifications but that does not mean that it is completely harmless, even sewage water from homes can lead to eutrophication (that is death of lake but nutrient enrichment) of lake or pond.