Question

In genetic engineering, genes can be inserted from one organism into another or back into the original organism by using which of the following techniques?
A) Polymerase chain reaction
B) Gene gun
C) DNA hybridization
D) Gel electrophoresis

Answer 1

Hint: It is a vector less method( or direct gene transfer method) that uses chemical or physical means to introduce DNA into plant cells or from one organism to another. This method is specie and genotype independent in terms of gene delivery.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Genes can be inserted from one organism into another or back into the original organism by using a Gene gun also called biolistics(particle mediated gene transfer). In this method, cells are bombarded with high-velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA and literally shot into the cell. This method is more suitable for plants. Gene gun is also called microprojectile bombardment. It can be used in either tissue culture cells or seedlings(to make chimeric plants) of any species.
The polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify DNA. In this reaction, multiple copies of a gene (or DNA ) of interest are synthesized in vitro using two sets of primers and the enzyme DNA polymerase. In this process, replication is repeated many times, so the segment of DNA can be amplified approximately a billion times, i.e., 1 billion copies are made.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique that separates fragments of DNA cut by restriction endonucleases.DNA is negatively charged they can be separated by forcing them to move towards an anode under an electric field through a matrix.
DNA hybridization is a process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule. The bonding is dependent on the appropriate base pairing across the two single-stranded molecules.

Therefore the correct answer is Option B.

Note: For insertion of a gene from one organism to another many physical and chemical methods can be used for example:- physiochemical uptake of DNA, liposomeencapsidation, electroporation, Particle bombardment, liposome and lipofection, transfection with calcium phosphate, cell or protoplast fusion.