Question

Geometrical isomerism is shown by:

Answer 1

Hint: We know that isomerism is one of the phenomena which generally explains that more than one compound will have the same chemical formula but differ in chemical structure. The arrangement of a simple atom in the molecule is different from the same chemical formula usually termed as isomers.

Step by step answer: As we all know, the chemical compound which has cis-trans structures are usually termed as geometrical isomerism. In organic chemistry, it is also named as configurational isomerism. The geometrical isomerism generally shows by unsaturated organic compounds or by the ring compounds. When the rotation of carbon bond is restricted only by the condition, and it can be categorized as cis configuration and trans configuration. The geometrical isomerism shows the change in the spatial arrangement of the ligand.
Geometrical isomers are called as either cis-trans isomers or E-Z isomers. In cis or Z isomer, the two groups attached to adjacent carbons are on the same side, whereas in trans or E isomer, two groups attached to adjacent carbons are on opposite sides.
All the four given structures in the question have doubled between carbon-carbon atoms. The geometrical isomerism has the general condition that all double-bonded carbons should surround with a different group. So, this condition is fulfilled by only one compound in the given that is option B. the structure is shown below.

This is an example of cis isomerism.
The geometrical structure of option B is shown below.

This is an example of Trans isomerism.
Therefore, the geometrical isomerism is shown by option B.

Hence, the correct answer for this given question is B.

Note: Its a bit confusing as the both of the structures are like the same but they differ in position of attached ligands in space leading to geometrical isomerism. The isomerism in categories are several types. They are:
*Structural isomerism
*Chain isomerism
*Geometrical isomerism
*Optical isomerism
*Position isomerism
*Functional isomerism
*Stereoisomerism