Question

Find the correct order of the \[O - O\]bond length of \[{O_2},{H_2}{O_2}\& {O_3}\].
A.\[{O_2} > {O_3} > {H_2}{O_2}\]
B.\[{H_2}{O_2} > {O_3} > {O_2}\]
C.\[{O_3} > {O_2} > {H_2}{O_2}\]
D.\[{O_3} > {H_2}{O_2} > {O_2}\]

Answer 1

Hint:The interatomic attractions in a molecule that holds the two atoms together is called a chemical bond. There are three types of a chemical bond, ionic bond, covalent bond, and dative bond.

Step-by-step explanation:
Step 1:
There are three characteristic parameters of a covalent bond: Bond energy, bond length, and bond angle.
Step 2:
Bond length is the average distance between the centers of the nuclei of the two atoms taking part in the bond formation in a molecule. The bond length depends upon the two factors:
Size of the atoms: As the bond length increases with the increase in the size of the atom, so greater is the size of the bonded atom, greater is the bond length.
The multiplicity of bonds: With the increase in the multiplicity of the chemical bonds there is a decrease in the bond length. Thus, the order of the bond length for the single, double, and triple bonds are: \[ - bond > = bond > \equiv bond\].
Step 3:
The structure of \[{O_2}\] is \[O = O\], with a pure double bond.
Step 4:
The phenomenon, in which a molecule is structured by several electronic arrangements that do not differ much in their energy content and arise due to the oscillation of the \[\pi \]electrons is called resonance. All the resonating forms are called the canonical structures and the molecule is the resonance hybrid of all the canonical forms.
Ozone has two canonical forms having one single bond and one double bond. The resonance hybrid of the ozone molecule has a bond length which is less than \[O = O\]and greater than \[O - O\].
Step 5
In hydrogen peroxide, the two oxygen atoms are linked together by a single \[O - O\]bond and the linkage is known as peroxide linkage.
Hence as we know that the bond length of the single bond is more than the double bond so hydrogen peroxide will have the highest bond length followed by ozone which has an intermediate bond length of the single and the double covalent bond followed by oxygen which has a double covalent bond. So, the correct answer is option b).

Note: There are three types of a covalent bond: single covalent bond where only one pair of an electron is mutually shared, a double covalent bond where two pairs of electrons are mutually shared and triple covalent bond where three pairs of electrons are mutually shared.