Question

What are the principles of Panchsheel?

Answer 1

Hint: The peace after the Second World War was a tense peace as the Cold War between the two superpowers—the USA and erstwhile USSR was keeping the world at the brink of a new war. Non-alignment had its birth in international relations after 1945 as an answer of the newly formed sovereign states to the forces of the Cold War and security alliances. It accepts peaceful co-existence and non-interference as the two basic principles of international relations. However, it is not a policy of inaction or isolation. The five principles (Panchsheel) which were a part of the Indo-Sino Agreement in 1954 later became the guiding principles for the Non-Aligned Movement.

Complete answer: The Panchsheel treaty was signed between Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Premier Zhou Enlai of China on April 29, 1954. The five principles of peaceful coexistence according to this treaty were:
-mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty;
-non-aggression against each other;
-non-interference in each other's internal affairs;
-equality and mutual benefit and;
-peaceful co-existence.
These principles were then modified and added to make ten principles which were adopted during the Asian-African Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia in 1955 and later became the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement.

Note: The first NAM summit was held at Belgrade in 1961 and was attended by 25 Afro-Asian countries and one European country. Three Latin American countries participated as observers.