Question

What are the following substances? Give one example of each one of them.
A) Tranquilizers
B) Food preservatives
C) Synthetic detergents

Answer 1

Hint: Tranquilizers are a type of medically approved drug. Food preservatives are used to preserve food. Synthetic detergents have an action similar to soaps.

Complete step by step answer:
A) The drugs which are used to calm, decrease anxiety and help a person to sleep by action on the central nervous system (CNS) are known as tranquilizers.
Tranquilizers suppress the central nervous system and slow down the body.
Tranquilizers are commonly used to treat mental illness, common anxiety and sleeplessness or insomnia.
Tranquilizers are classified as: Major tranquilizers and Minor tranquilizers.
Example of tranquilizer is as follows:
Major tranquilizer: Phenothiazine.
Minor tranquilizer: Schizophrenia.
B) The chemical substances that can be added to food materials to avoid the spoiling of food for a longer time period are known as food preservatives.
Food preservatives retain the nutritive value of food.
Food preservatives prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, yeasts and other microorganisms thus preventing spoilage of food.
Food preservatives also retard the oxidation of fats in the food that causes the food to be rancid.
Example of food preservative is: Vinegar.
C) The substances used for cleaning which act similar to soap are known as synthetic detergents.
Synthetic detergents are produced from chemical compounds and can be used in both hard as well as soft water.
Example of synthetic detergent is: Benzene sulphonate.

Note: Other examples of tranquilizers are: Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, etc.
Other examples of food preservatives are: Salt, sugar, sodium benzoate, etc.
Other examples of synthetic detergents are: Sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium n-dodecyl benzene sulphonate.