Question

What are the factors that affect the temperature of a place?

Answer 1

Hint: It is meaningful to have an angular distance, represented in degrees and minutes, north or south of the equator.
- Temperature is associated with the heating of land and water.
- The sun's ray incidence angle is less than 90 degrees, so solar radiation is scattered over a wider area. Thin air, since it has a lower concentration of gases to trap heat, does not absorb heat as efficiently as dense air at sea level.

Complete Answer:
Temperature is a quantity that reflects hot and cold in physical terms. It is a thermal energy manifestation, present in all matter, which is the cause of the heat occurrence, a flow of energy, when a body is in contact with a colder one. The temperature is determined using a thermometer.

Each place's temperature is influenced by the following factors:
1. The latitude of the location: The temperature of the location is determined by the sunlight obtained. Depending on the latitude, the insolation varies, so the temperature therefore changes accordingly. The temperature depends on latitude, since it is cooler when you are near to the equator, but it will be colder when you are closer to the arctic circles.
 2. The altitude of the place: By terrestrial radiation, the atmosphere is indirectly heated. Thus the locations adjacent to the sea-level report higher temperatures than the locations at higher elevations. With rising height, the temperature usually decreases. The rate of temperature reduction with height is referred to as the natural rate of lapse.
 3. Distance from the sea: The location of a place with respect to the sea is the key factor that determines the temperature. Compared to ground, the sea heats up slowly and slowly loses heat. The land heats up and quickly cools down. So, relative to the terrestrial floor, the difference in temperature above the sea is less. The areas near the sea come under the moderating effect of the temperature-regulating sea and land breezes.
 4. The air- mass circulation: The movement of air masses, including the earth and sea breezes, also influences the temperature. The areas that are influenced by warm air-masses encounter higher temperatures and lower temperatures are encountered by the places that are affected by cold air-masses. Similarly, the locations on the coast where the hot ocean currents flow report higher temperatures than the locations on the coast where the cold currents flow.
 5. Humidity: Humidity is the volume of water vapour in the atmosphere and the cloud cover in the sky is determined by it. The higher the humidity, the greater the cloud coverage. The lower the moisture, the lower the amount of cloud cover.
 6. Land cover: There is a larger amount of cloud cover in the area above the equator. Areas where humidity is poor in the desert would have lower cloud coverage.
 7. Aspect: The aspect is the direction in which in relation to the sun, a slope faces. The part is not very significant in the tropical areas because during midday the sun is high in the sky. The sun has a low winter angle in the temperate regions, which will influence the temperature of the slopes facing north to south. In the northern hemisphere, the slope facing south receives greater solar radiation concentration and is typically colder than the slope facing north.
 8. Types of land surface: The dense forest prevents solar radiation from directly reaching the ground. The soil will stay cool. The presence of concrete surfaces in the city tends to maintain high air temperatures. During the day the concrete surface absorbs heat and retains heat at night.

Note: From 2012-2019, the average annual temperature in India was 25.8 degrees Celsius.
 - The average temperature recorded in India in 2019 was 25.8 degrees Celsius, a small decrease from 25.9 degrees Celsius compared with the previous year. The minimum temperature was 20.83 degrees Celsius that year.
- The highest temperature of 51 degrees Celsius was recorded in Phalodi town in Rajasthan, which is the highest ever recorded in India.