Question

Adrenalin has a direct effect on:-
(A) S.A. Node
(B) Cells of Langerhans
(C) Dorsal root of spinal cord
(D) Epithelial cells of stomach

Answer 1

Hint: Glands are important organs found in our body that secrete and release substances that perform some specific functions. Glands are either endocrine or exocrine.

Complete answer:
Adrenaline is a hormone that is also used as a medicine called epinephrine. It acts as a neurotransmitter that helps in visceral regulation function.
It has a vital role in the fight-or flight response. This hormone is produced as a result of stress that increases the heart rate, strengthens the force of contraction of heart, increases blood pressure, and opens the lungs bronchioles, also raises the blood glucose level and this hormones has direct effect on S.A. nodes.

Now lets us find the solution from the given options:
1. S.A. Node effects directly by adrenalin. Epinephrine releases and binds to beta-adrenoceptors activate the sympathetic process of S.A node. As it is a natural pacemaker of heart due to increase in adrenaline the heart rate increases.
2. Cells of Langerhans consist of beta cells, alpha cells, and delta cells. The alpha cells release glucagon, delta cells release somatostatin, beta cells release insulin, and gamma cells release pancreatic polypeptide.
3. Next, the Dorsal root of the spinal cord is also affected by the epinephrine but not directly. As it is a part of the nervous system and we know that adrenaline affects the nervous system as some adrenaline is produced by medulla oblongata.
4. Epithelial cells of the stomach mainly produce mucus and pepsinogen in the lumen of the stomach. Along with these two hormones gastrin is also secreted in the stomach.

Hence, the correct option is (A). S.A. Node.

Note: Adrenaline also affects the blood pressure level by increasing the systolic blood pressure. Along with this adrenaline involved in the enlargement of pupil of eye and alteration of body metabolism process.