Courses
Courses for Kids
Free study material
Offline Centres
More
Store Icon
Store

Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions for Chapter 14 - Pollution - Human Evolution

ffImage
Last updated date: 22nd Mar 2024
Total views: 474k
Views today: 4.74k
MVSAT 2024

ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 14 - Human Evolution Solutions

Updated ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 14 - Human Evolution Selina Solutions are provided by Vedantu in a step-by-step method. Selina is the most famous publisher of ICSE textbooks. Studying these solutions by Selina Concise Biology Class 10 Solutions which are explained and solved by our subject matter experts will help you in preparing for ICSE exams. Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions can be easily downloaded in the given PDF format. These solutions for Class 10 ICSE will help you to score good marks in ICSE Exams 2021-22.


The updated solutions for Selina textbooks are created in accordance with the latest syllabus. These are provided by Vedantu in a chapter-wise manner to help the students get a thorough knowledge of all the fundamentals.

Competitive Exams after 12th Science

Access ICSE Selina Solutions for Grade 10 Biology Chapter No. 14 - Human Evolution

A. Multiple choice questions

1. The first scientist who proposed his theory for evolution was

(a) Darwin

(b) Mendel

(c) Lamarck

(d) Wallace

Ans: (c) Lamarck


2. The theory of Natural Selection was proposed by

(a) Mendel

(b) Lamarck

(c) Wallace

(d) Darwin

Ans: (d) Darwin


3. The organism studied for industrial melanism was a

(a) Butterfly

(b) Moth

(c) Honeybee

(d) Cockroach

Ans: (b) Moth


4. Identify the pre-human ancestor.

(a) Ramapithecus

(b) Australopithecus

(c) Neanderthal man

(d) Cro-Magnon

Ans: (a) Ramapithecus


B. Short Answer Type

1. Why do Neanderthal man and modern man belong to two distinct species?

Ans: Different types of characteristics are exhibited by Neanderthal man and the modern man. The different characteristics are listed below:

Characteristics

Neanderthal man

Modern man

Locomotion

Absolute bipedalism

Bipedal locomotion

Head and forehead

Large head, broad, flat and sloping forehead

Upright head, skull on the top of the vertebral column, steep forehead

Brow ridges

Prominent brow ridges

Reduced brow ridges

Chin

No chin

Well developed and prominent chin

Hair on body

Less hair on the body

Prominent hair on limbs

Cranial capacity

1450 cm3

1450 to 1600 cm3

 

2. The range of cranial capacities in the following ancestral forms were

(a) Australopithecus

(b) Homo habilis

(c) Homo erectus

(d) Cro-magnon

(e) Homo sapiens sapiens

Ans: The ranges are mentioned in the table below: 

Ancestral Forms

Cranial Capacities

(a) Australopithecus

450 to 600 cm3

(b) Homo habilis

680 to 735 cm3

(c) Homo erectus

800 to 1125 cm3

(d) Cro-magnon

1450 to 1600 cm3

(e) Homo sapiens sapiens

1450 to 1600 cm3

 

3. Mention the two principles through which Lamarck explained his ideas.

Ans: The two principles through which Lamarck explained his ideas were: 

(a) Use and Disuse: The parts of the body that are used on daily basis grow stronger and the parts that are used less start to deteriorate. 

(b) Inheritance of Acquired Characters: The acquired characteristics from an organism are passed onto the next generation. 


4. Name any three vestigial organs found in humans.

Ans: Three vestigial organs found in humans are wisdom teeth, vermiform appendix, and pinna.


5. Give the scientific name of the organism which is cited as the classical example of 'natural selection.

Ans: Biston betularia is a classical example of 'natural selection.


6. Tick mark (√) the correct option in the following statements.

(a) The fossil history of humans is complete/fragmentary.

Ans: (a) The fossil history of humans is fragmentary.


(b) The first remarkable human fossil was that of H. habilis/H. Africanus.

Ans: (b) The first remarkable human fossil was that of Homo habilis.


(c) Evolution is an ever-continuing/promptly ending process.

Ans: (c) Evolution is an ever-continuing process. 


C. Descriptive Type

1. Define the following terms:

(a) Evolution

Ans: (a) Evolution: Evolution is a very slow process. It is a continuous process and very complex process. With the help of this process, complex life forms are formed in the millions of years. 

(b) Vestigial organs

Ans: (b) Vestigial organs: Vestigial organs are those organs that have ceased to be of any use to the possessor but still persist generation after generation in a reduced form.

(c) Speciation

Ans: (c) Speciation: Speciation is a process of origin of new species by gradual modification. 


2. Distinguish Between

(a) Australopithecus and Cro-magnon (Chin)

Ans: (a) Difference between Australopithecus and Cro-magnon (Chin):

Australopithecus

Cro-magnon

Lack of chin

Well-developed chin

 

(b) Australopithecus and Modern man (Body hair)

Ans: (b) Difference between Australopithecus and Modern man (Body hair):

Australopithecus

Modern Man

Body covered with hair

Highly reduced body hair

 

(c) Homo habilis and Homo sapiens (Posture)

Ans: (c) Difference between Homo habilis and Homo sapiens (Posture):

Homo Habilis

Homo Sapiens

Bent kneed posture

Fully erect posture

 

3. Differentiate between Lamarck's Theory and Darwin's Theory.

Ans: Differences between Lamarck's Theory and Darwin's Theory:

Lamarck's Theory

Darwin's Theory

1. Known as the theory of inheritance of acquired characters.

1. Known as the theory of natural selection.

2. Believes in the use and disuse of an organ. Parts used or changes acquired get transmitted to the next generation.

2. Believes that since variations exist in individuals, only the fittest survive in the struggle for existence.

3. New species evolve after a long period of time after several generations by acquiring new characters.

3. New species evolve due to the accumulation of favorable variations over a long period of time.

 

4. Explain four observable facts on which the "Theory of Natural Selection" is based.

Ans: The Darwin's theory of Natural Selection is based on four observable facts which are as follows:

(i) Overproduction:

  • All organisms have the capacity to reproduce at a very high rate.

  • However, organisms cannot survive by reproduction alone.

  • Due to lack of food and space, offspring soon begin to die.

  • Some are eaten by predators, while some get destroyed due to adverse environmental conditions.

(ii) Struggle for Existence:

  • Overproduction of organisms results in a struggle for existence among organisms.

  • The struggle is to obtain food, space, and mate.

(iii) Variation:

∙ Progeny of the same parents are not exactly alike. Such differences are known as variations. The variations may be harmful or advantageous.

(iv) Survival of Fittest:

  • In the struggle for existence, organisms that develop new favorable characteristics will survive in the long run. This idea is called 'Survival of the fittest.

  • Organisms that survive will transmit favorable characteristics to their offspring.

  • These characters get accumulated and give rise to new species.


5. Industrial melanism provides a good example of natural selection. Discuss.

Ans: The best example is industrial melanism. It shows the effect of industrial pollution on the moth population on a nearby tree. Before industrialization, light-colored lichen used to grow on trees and moth predators could not spot white moths easily, while dark moths were lesser in the moth population. However, when the industrial pollution took place, lichens could not grow on trees and it became difficult for predators to spot dark moths on the dark background of the stem bark, and thus, the population of white moths became less than that of dark moths. This process is termed industrial melanism. Before industrialization, white moths were better adapted towards nature, but after industrialization, dark-colored moths were more fit towards the changed environmental conditions.


D. Structured/Application/Skill Type

1. Given alongside are two figures (A and B) representing the two stages of evolution of human beings?


seo images


Answer the following:

(a) Mention any two contrasting characters between the two stages.

(b) Write all the stages of human evolution in their correct sequence.

(c) State any two characteristic features of stage B.

Ans: 

Stage A: Australopithecus

Stage B: Homo sapiens sapiens

(a) Contrasting characters between Australopithecus and Homo sapiens:

Characters

Australopithecus

Homo sapiens sapiens

Cranial capacity

450 to 600 cm3

1450 to 1600 cm3

Development of chin

Lack of chin, prognathous face

Prominent chin, snout disappeared

 

(b) Stages of human evolution in their correct sequence:

Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Neanderthal man → Cro-Magnon man → Homo sapiens sapiens

(c) Characteristic features of stage B (Homo sapiens sapiens):

  • Bipedal locomotion with four reversed curves in the spine

  • Forehead steep, reduced brow ridges


2. Given alongside are two figures (A and B) showing a phenomenon that was first observed in Manchester before and after the year 1850.


seo images


Answer the following.

(a) What name has been given to this phenomenon?

Ans: (a) Industrial melanism

(b) Give the common name and the scientific name of the insect involved in this phenomenon.

Ans: (b) Common name: Peppered moth

Scientific name: Biston betularia

(c) Briefly mention why the changes shown in the two figures appeared.

Ans: (c) Reasons for changes in the two figures:

Before the Industrial Revolution, a thick growth of white-colored lichen covered the trees. As a result, the light-colored moths were camouflaged and survived under this cover, while the dark-colored moths were easily spotted by predators.

After the Industrial Revolution, pollution resulted in a decline in the growth of lichens. The tree bark got exposed due to the absence of lichens. As a result, dark-colored moths now got an advantage of a dark background, were camouflaged, and survived, while the light-colored moths were easily picked by predators.

This showed that in a mixed population, those moths which could adapt to the changing environment after the Industrial Revolution survived and increased in number, while the ones which could not adapt were slowly wiped out from the population.

(d) The following phenomenon provides a classical explanation of a scientific theory given by a certain scientist.

(i) Name and explain the said theory.

(ii) Give the name of the scientist who gave this theory.

Ans: 

(d) (i) Natural selection. During the struggle for existence, only those individuals which have advantageous variations survive while the ones which lack these variations are wiped out. Nature selects only those variations which are suitable for existence. This process is called natural selection.

(ii) Charles Darwin


Introduction

Vedantu provides the latest ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 14 - Human Evolution step-by-step solutions. Selina is the most famous publisher of ICSE textbooks. The solutions of the Selina biology book are explained and solved by experts in this field who will help the students prepare for ICSE exams. Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions is easy to download in the specified PDF format. These ICSE Class 10 solutions will help the students get good grades in the ICSE exams. The updated solutions in Selina textbooks are made according to the latest curriculum. They are given in Vedantu chapter by chapter to help students learn the basics thoroughly.


Human Evolution

By human evolution, we understand the process in which people evolve from one version to another through the course of time. The process of evolution is really long and takes thousands of years.

FAQs on Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions for Chapter 14 - Pollution - Human Evolution

1. Why are Concise Selina Solutions important for Class 10 students?

Biology is an important subject for the science students in class 10. By biology, we mean the science of life. The science in class 10 is very helpful in building the foundation of the student. As the curriculum in class 10 is huge, it is important that the subject matter prepared for biology is concise and accurate keeping the students' requirements in mind. All the lessons of biology are explained in detail which has been approved by the ICSE board. The solutions given give the students a strong theoretical knowledge about the chapter. The solutions are intended to present before the students a range of solutions that will help them overcome all their fear of the subject. The material is so appropriate that the students can easily follow these solutions and achieve good exam scores and pass the examination in flying colours.

2. What are the advantages of using Selina solutions for ICSE class 10 biology?

After the students are thorough with the book and lectures, they are going to need some reference material to study and to check if the answers they have marked are correct or not. The students can use the answers in the Selina concise solutions to serve as a template for their answers. The solutions in the book have line-by-line explanations, 2hich help the student clear their doubts and also at the same time help them in answering the questions. The students can completely rely on the Selina solutions available on the Vedantu website for free as these answers were written by experienced teachers who hold expertise in the field of biology. Lastly, the solutions are available for free and are a quick, easy and reliable way to review the answers, MCQs, and diagrams. 

3. How useful are Vedantu solutions in Selina's concise Biology book?

The ICSE's Class 10 Concise science solution covers subjects such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Studying the biology topics of the ICSE 10 class may be easier if you have Vedantu study material in addition to the recommended textbooks. At Vedantu you get expert biology solutions ICSE Selina Class 10 and more. Our science experts use notes to explain scientific concepts using concept review notes. Once you understand the concept, study Selina's concise ICSE Class 10 biology solution. Please use the release notes below for a more detailed review. Also, test your knowledge with online practice tests. The video assessments and personal advice available on Vedantu will further help you learn difficult concepts that may be causing you exam anxiety. With proper preparation for the exam using Vedantu course materials, you can easily get the highest score on the ICSE Class 10 exam.

4. How to score good marks in class 10 Biology using the Selina solutions?

In order to get good grades in the 10th grade of Biology, it is necessary to start preparing for the course from March where the course begins. Read the lesson given in the book and try to prepare the text. Be careful to write down all the key points and special questions and the necessary design. Solve problems presented in practice alone. Be thorough with the theory portion. Understand the solutions in detail and practice the questions given on the website of Vedantu, this will help in answering better during the examination. 

5. What is the mark distribution in the class 10 biology examination?

Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions will develop a solid understanding of the theories included in the chapter, as well as help to explore question patterns and how to address different types of questions. The duration of ICSE Class 10 biology work is two hours and the total weight is 100 points, of which 20 are for the internal evaluation of the practical activity and 80 are for the theory. 


The Biological Issues Paper is divided into two segments:


Section I has 40 points where all questions are mandatory and consists of short answer questions for the entire program.


Section II has 40 points and there are only six questions, and students have to answer four out of six.


ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions will benefit students with proper preparation for exam sections.