Class 10 Computer Applications Syllabus 2025–26

THEORY – 100 Marks

1. Revision of Class IX Syllabus
   • Introduction to Object Oriented Programming concepts
   • Elementary Concept of Objects and Classes
   • Values and Data types
   • Operators in Java
   • Input in Java
   • Mathematical Library Methods
   • Conditional constructs in Java
   • Iterative constructs in Java
   • Nested for loops
2. Class as the Basis of all Computation
   • Objects and Classes: Objects encapsulate state and behaviour – numerous examples; member variables; attributes or features. Variables define state; member methods; Operations/methods/messages/ methods define behaviour.
   • Classes as abstractions for sets of objects; class as an object factory; primitive data types, composite data types. Variable declarations for both types; difference between the two types.
   • Objects as instances of a class.
   • Real life examples for explaining the concept of class and object.
3. User-defined Methods
   • Need of methods, syntax of methods, forms of methods, method definition, method calling, method overloading, declaration of methods
   • Ways to define and invoke methods – call by value (with programs) and call by reference (only definition with an example)
   • Object creation - invoking the methods with respect to use of multiple methods with different names to implement modular programming, using data members and member methods
   • Actual parameters and formal parameters
   • Declaration of methods - static and non-static, method prototype / signature
   • Pure and impure methods
   • Returning values from methods, use of multiple methods and polymorphism (method overloading)
4. Constructors
   • Definition of Constructor, characteristics, types of constructors, use of constructors, constructor overloading
   • Default constructor, parameterized constructor, constructor overloading
   • Difference between constructor and method
5. Library Classes
   • Introduction to wrapper classes, methods of wrapper class and their usage with respect to numeric and character data types
   • Autoboxing and Unboxing in wrapper classes
   • Class as a composite type, distinction between primitive data type and composite data type or class types
   • All primitive types have corresponding class wrappers. Introduce Autoboxing and Unboxing with their definition and simple examples.
   • The following methods are to be covered:
     • int parseInt(String s)
     • long parseLong(String s)
     • float parseFloat(String s)
     • double parseDouble(String s)
     • boolean isDigit(char ch)
     • boolean isLetter(char ch)
     • boolean isLetterOrDigit(char ch)
     • boolean isLowerCase(char ch)
     • boolean isUpperCase(char ch)
     • boolean isWhitespace(char ch)
     • char toLowerCase(char ch)
     • char toUpperCase(char ch)
6. Encapsulation
   • Access specifiers and its scope and visibility: private, protected and public.
   • Visibility rules for access specifiers
   • Scope of variables: class variables, instance variables, argument variables, local variables
7. Arrays
   • Definition of an array, types of arrays, declaration, initialization and accepting data of single and double dimensional arrays, accessing elements
   • Arrays and their uses, sorting techniques - selection sort and bubble sort; Search techniques – linear search and binary search
   • Array as a composite type, length statement to find the size of the array (sorting and searching using single dimensional array only)
   • Sum of the elements in row, column and diagonal elements [right and left], display elements in matrix format (for double dimensional array)
8. String Handling
   • String class, methods, implementation, String array
   • The following String class methods are to be covered:
     String trim(); String toLowerCase(); String toUpperCase(); int length(); char charAt(int n); int indexOf(char ch); int lastIndexOf(char ch); String concat(String str); boolean equals(String str); boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String str); int compareTo(String str); int compareToIgnoreCase(String str); String replace(char oldChar,char newChar); String substring(int beginIndex); String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex); boolean startsWith(String str); boolean endsWith(String str); String valueOf(all types)
   • Programs based on the above methods: extracting/modifying characters, alphabetical order of strings in an array, searching for a string (linear search technique)

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT - 100 Marks

This segment of the syllabus is totally practical oriented. The accent is on acquiring basic programming skills quickly and efficiently.

Programming Assignments (Class X)

• The students should complete a minimum of 20 laboratory assignments during the whole year to reinforce the concepts studied in class.
• The laboratory assignments will form the bulk of the course. Good assignments should have problems which require design, implementation and testing, and should also embody one or more concepts discussed in theory.
• A significant proportion of the time has to be spent in the laboratory. The teacher-in-charge should maintain a record of all the assignments done by the student throughout the year and give it due credit at the time of cumulative evaluation.

Some sample problems are given below as examples. The problems are of varying levels of difficulty:

1. User defined methods
   • Programs depicting the concept of pure, impure, static, non-static methods.
   • Programs based on overloaded methods.
   • Programs involving data members, member methods invoking the methods with respect to the object created.
2. Constructors
   • Programs based on different types of constructors mentioned in the scope of the syllabus.
   • Programs/outputs based on constructor overloading.
3. Library classes
   • Outputs based on all methods mentioned in the scope of the syllabus.
   • Programs to check whether a given character is an uppercase/lowercase/digit, etc.
4. Encapsulation
   • Questions based on identifying the different variables like local, instance, arguments, private, public, class variable, etc.
5. Arrays
   • Programs based on accessing the elements of an array.
   • Programs based on sort techniques mentioned in the syllabus.
   • Programs based on search techniques mentioned in the syllabus.
   • Programs on double dimensional arrays as given in the scope of the syllabus.
6. String handling
   • Outputs based on all the string methods mentioned in the syllabus.
   • Programs based on extracting the characters from a given string and manipulating the same.
   • Palindrome string, pig Latin, alphabetical order of characters, etc.

Important:
This list is indicative only. Teachers and students should use their imagination to create innovative and original assignments.

EQUIPMENT

• There should be enough computer systems to provide for a teaching schedule where at least three-fourth of a time available is used for programming and assignments/practical work.
• At least 4 periods of about 40 minutes duration per week.
  • 2 periods – Lecture cum demonstration by the Instructor.
  • 2 periods – Assignments/Practical work.
• Hardware and software platforms should let students comfortably develop and run programs on those machines. Schools should upgrade as required.

Recommended Facilities

• A lecture cum demonstration room with a MULTIMEDIA PROJECTOR/LCD and Overhead Projector (OHP) attached to the computer.
• A white board with white board markers.
• A fully equipped Computer Laboratory that allows one computer per student.
• Minimum of 1 GB RAM and at least a P-IV or Equivalent Processor.
• Good Quality printers.
• A scanner, a web cam/a digital camera (if possible).

SOFTWARE FOR CLASSES IX & X

• Any suitable Operating System can be used.
• For teaching fundamental concepts of computing using object oriented approach, Blue J environment (3.2 or higher version) compatible with JDK (5.0 or higher version) as the base or any other editor or IDE, compatible with JDK (5.0 or higher version) as the base may be used.
• Ensure that the latest versions of software are used.