Solution Colloids Suspension

Introduction

Colloidal solutions are among the important components of a mixture along with the two neighbouring combinations, true solutions, as well as suspension solutions. The differences between the three solutions are mostly due to the size, appearance, and method of particle separation, which vary in all three solutions under various physical and chemical conditions. With distinct chemical reactions, the three solutions behave in different ways. The dissolving characteristics of the three mixtures, which vary depending on the solute and solvents used, are what gives them their distinctive characteristics.

Table of Content

• Aim

• Preparation of Solution of Sodium Chloride in Water

• Preparation of Colloidal solution of Milk in Water

• Preparation of Suspension Solution of Chalk Powder in Water

• Result

Aim

To distinguish between the pure solution, colloidal and suspension based on:-

• Transparency

• Scattering 

• Filtration

Apparatus Required

Sodium chloride, milk, chalk powder, water, test tube, glass rod, test tube holder, funnel, beaker, and filter paper.

Theory

Properties of Solution

It is a uniform mixture. To the naked eye, the particles are invisible. Since particles don't scatter light when it passes through them, the direction of the light cannot be seen. The mixture cannot be separated from solutes, and they do not settle. A stable solution exists. Filtration cannot separate the constituents of a mixture.

Properties of Colloidal Solution

In nature, colloids are comparatively stable. It is a heterogeneous mixture which is not visible to the naked eye. The dispersed phase's particles continue to move continuously and are suspended in the solutions. Ultrafilters are specialized filters needed for the filtration of colloids.

Properties of Suspension

The mixture is heterogeneous. The suspension mixture's particles are visible to the naked eye. The Tyndall effect can be seen in suspension. It indicates that a beam of light travelling through a particle's suspensions will be reflected, illuminating its path. Particles in a suspension settle down if they are not disturbed. It demonstrates that suspension is a volatile substance. The suspension will not exhibit the Tyndall effect in this situation. Filtration can be used to separate suspension particles.

Procedure

Preparation of Solution of Sodium Chloride in Water

• In a sterile, dried beaker, add 100 mL of distilled water to it. 

• Then fill it with dry common or (sodium chloride) salt. 

• Using a glass rod, stir the mixture. To achieve a true solution, common or (sodium chloride) salt thoroughly dissolves.

• Make a note of the observations.

Preparation of Colloidal solution of Milk in Water

• In a beaker, add 10 ml of water. 

• Then add a tiny amount of milk to it. Using a glass rod, properly stir the mixture. Next, while constantly swirling, pour 90 mL of distilled water and add a couple of drops of dilute acid (dil. H2SO4, and HCl). 

• Make a note of the observations.

Preparation of Suspension Solution of Chalk Powder in Water

• In a beaker, take 10 g of chalk powder. 

• Then add 100 mL of distilled water to a beaker containing chalk powder. 

• Mix thoroughly, then note the observation seen.

Observations

Result

The results of the chemistry experiment solution colloids suspension verified that

• Sodium chloride (NaCl) in water is a true solution.

• Milk in water is a colloidal solution.

• Chalk powder in water is a suspension solution.

Precautions

• Handle chemicals and apparatus with caution.

• Every apparatus should be rinsed with distilled water, and dried before starting the experiment.

• While heating or boiling, utilize a test tube holder.

• Prepare solutions using only distilled water.

• Use a glass rod to transfer the mixtures into the funnel during filtration.

• Throughout the stability testing, don't tamper with the mixture.

• After the completion of the experiment, wash your hands thoroughly.

Lab Manual Questions

1. What type of filter paper is used in labs to filter the colloidal solution?

Ans: Whatman filter paper which is made up of alpha-cellulose is used normally in labs.

2. What types of methods are used to separate the constituents of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?

Ans: Separation methods like filtration, evaporation, simple distillation, etc. can be used to separate constituents of homogeneous mixtures. For heterogeneous mixtures, methods like centrifugation, filtration, etc. can be used to separate the constituents.

3. Why is dilute acid added during the preparation of the colloidal solution?

Ans: During the preparation of colloidal solution is used to raise the ionization of water.

4. Why not concentrated acid be added during the colloidal solution preparation process?

Ans: When using concentrated acids, like HCl, the reaction is extremely violent and the mixture gets hot. This speeds up the process much more, and the liquid within may foam. The process is significantly under control when the acid is diluted.

Viva Questions

1. What is a Suspension Solution?

Ans: A combination of two or more compounds in which the particles do not disperse.

2. Mention two examples of colloidal solution

Ans: Butter, and paint

3. What is meant by sol?

Ans: A sol is indeed a colloid where the liquid serves as the dispersion medium and the solid dispersed phase.

4. What are lyophilic sols?

Ans: A sol wherein dispersed phase and medium possess the strong force of attraction.

5. What are lyophobic sols?

Ans: A sol that cannot be created by simply mixing the dispersed phase in the dispersion medium.

6. Mention examples of lyophilic sols.

Ans: Starch, protein, etc.

7. Mention the examples of lyophobic sols.

Ans: Metal sulphides, and hydroxides.

8. What is the difference between solution and suspension?

Ans: 

9. Mention the solvent and solute in the sugar solution.

Ans: Solvent-water, solute-sugar.

10. What are the three types of colloidal solutions other than sol?

Ans: Emulsion, aerosol, and foam.

Practical-Based Questions

1.  What happens when egg albumin is added to boiling water?

1. Soluble

2. Insoluble

3. Produces insoluble coagulates

4. Neither of the three options

Ans: When egg albumin is added to the boiling water, it produces insoluble coagulates.

2. Which one of the following statements is valid?

1. The particle of egg albumin in water is visible to the naked eye

2. The particles of egg albumin in water are invisible to the naked eye

3. The particles of egg albumin in water are also invisible under a microscope

4. The particles of egg albumin in water are visible to the naked eye and under a microscope.

Ans: The particles of egg albumin in water are invisible to the naked eye.

3. How to prepare a colloidal solution of starch?

1. Add starch to hot water.

2. Add starch to cold water.

3. Add starch to boiling water.

4. Add starch to normal water

Ans: To prepare a colloidal solution, add starch to hot water.

4. In aerated drinks, what is the solute?

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

4. Gel

Ans: The solute of the aerated drink is gas.

5. Mention the colloidal solution in which both solute and solvent are liquid?

1. Emulsion

2. Foams

3. Aerosols

4. Gel

Ans: The colloidal solution in which both solute and solvent are liquid is an emulsion.

6. Which of the following solutions does not leave residue during filtration through filter paper?

1. True solution

2. Colloidal solution

3. either of true and colloidal solution

4. both true and colloidal solution

Ans: Both true and colloidal solution does not leave residue during filtration through filter paper.

7. Which one of the following statements is valid?

1. A saturated solution does not dissolve at a certain temperature. 

2. The saturated solution dissolves at a certain temperature.

3. The saturated solution dissolves at varied temperatures.

4. The saturated solution does not dissolve at varying temperatures. 

Ans: Saturated solution does not dissolve at a certain temperature. 

8. How does distilled water act in chemical laboratories?

1. Indicator

2. Solvent 

3. Universal solvent

4. None of the three option

Ans: Distilled water acts as a universal solvent in chemical laboratories.

9. Choose the best application of suspension from the following options?

1. Flour in water-food

2. Ballpoint pens

3. Salt in water-salt solution

4. Lotions

Ans: The application of suspension is flour in water food.

10. Mention the colloid from the following, in which solid is the dispersion medium and gas is the dispersed phase?

1. Butter

2. Pumice stone

3. Milk

4. Ink

Ans: Pumice stone is the colloid in which solid is a dispersion medium and gas is the dispersed phase.

Conclusion

This chemistry experiment on solution colloids suspension infers that the colloidal solutions, such as milk in water, true solutions, such as sodium chloride in water, and suspensions, such as chalk in water, differ depending on the types of particle size, solutes, and solvents used; the mixture depends on the solubility ratio of the individual particles. Since the solvent and the solute are completely combined, a solution must be completely incompatible. These variations can be seen in these mixtures because the particles are both homogeneous and heterogeneous.