Question

Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of reaction in each case.
(A) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773 K to form ammonia gas.
(B) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.
(C) Ethanol Is warmed with ethanolic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of concentrated ${{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}}$.
(D) Ethane is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat and light.

Answer 1

Hint: In order to balance the chemical equations, the number of atoms of each specific element on the reactant side should be equal to the number of elements of that element on the product side too.

Complete step by step answer:
In order to answer our question, we need to learn about the laws of chemical combination. Now, we know that in any chemical reaction, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. The same applies to mass. Mass remains constant, i.e total mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products. Also, no new element can suddenly come out in the reaction. For example in the reaction of ${{H}_{2}}$ and ${{O}_{2}}$ to form ${{H}_{2}}O$, the only elements present are hydrogen and water. No new element like nitrogen has entered the reaction. Moreover, the number of atoms of each element should be the same in the reactant and the product side. Now, let us balance each of the above reactions:
(A) This reaction represents an addition reaction as the nitrogen and hydrogen get combined together to form a single product that is ammonia. The reaction can be represented as:
\[{{N}_{2}}(g)+3{{H}_{2}}(g)\xrightarrow[773K]{catalyst}2N{{H}_{3}}(g)\]
(B) Since NaOH is a base and acetic acid is an acid, this reaction is a neutralization reaction that produces salt and water, and the reaction can be expressed as:
\[NaOH(aq)+C{{H}_{3}}COOH(aq)\to C{{H}_{3}}COONa(aq)+{{H}_{2}}O(l)\]
(C) When Ethanol Is warmed with ethanolic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of concentrated hydrochloric acid, then it is called an esterification reaction and it is an example of a double displacement reaction too. It can be represented as:
\[{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}OH(l)+C{{H}_{3}}COOH(l)\xrightarrow{{{H}^{+}}}C{{H}_{3}}COO{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}(l)+{{H}_{2}}O(l)\]
(D) This reaction is an example of a combustion reaction, where, along with the desired product we get energy in the form of light and heat. The reaction is:
\[{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{4}}(g)+3{{O}_{2}}(g)\to 2C{{O}_{2}}(g)+2{{H}_{2}}O(g)+heat+light\]

Note: In the last reaction, which is a combustion reaction, since carbon is getting oxidized and oxygen is getting reduced, so we can also classify it as a redox reaction.