Question

Which of the following was the venue and year of the Earth Summit on Conservation of biodiversity?
(a)South Africa, 2002
(b)Rio de Janeiro, 1992
(c)Johannesburg, 2004
(d)Stockholm, 1994
(e)Ramsar, 1974

Answer 1

Hint: The earth summit of Rio de Janeiro, known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), resulted in a multiplayer treaty named Convention of Biodiversity.

Complete answer:
In 1992, the first world earth summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, promoting the 'Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). 152 nations signed on this promotion.
The commitments made in this were:
-Adoption of ways and means to conserve biodiversity
-Managing biodiversity for sustainable use
-Ensuring equitable sharing of benefits from biological diversity and utilization of genetic resources.

Additional Information: The Rio de Janeiro earth summit is also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). It was held from 3 to 14 June 1992.
This United nations conference was created for member states to cooperate internationally on development issues after the cold war.
An important achievement of this summit was the agreement on the Climate Change Convention which led to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement and also the agreement not to carry out any activities on the lands of indigenous people that would cause environmental degradation or that would be culturally inappropriate.
The convention on biological diversity was signed by 152nations. It made a start towards the redefinition of measures that did not encourage the destruction of natural ecoregions and uneconomical growth.
The earth summit resulted in
-Rio declaration of Environment and Development
-Agenda 21
-Forest principles
The documents that were opened for signature were:
-Convention of Biological Diversity
-Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)
-United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
So, the correct answer is ‘Rio de Janeiro, 1992’.

Note: The UNCED or Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro put forward the multilayered treaty of Convention of Biodiversity, which addressed three major goals including
-Conservation of Biodiversity
-Sustainable use of its components, and
-fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.