Question

Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP?
A. Mitochondria
B. Lysosome
C. Ribosome
D. Chloroplast

Answer 1

Hint: As we know, ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate then you must know it is known as the energy currency of the cell. Any sort of energy produced or used up in reaction in our body, all occurs in the form of ATP.

Complete answer:
Mitochondria is a double membraned structure present in all aerobic eukaryotic cells. The outer membrane is permeable to small molecules. It allows the uptake of substrates and release of ATP. The inner membrane is semipermeable and is very rich in enzymes. There may be few to a thousand present per cell according to the requirement. Mitochondria is the main place for cellular respiration. It brings about the stepwise oxidation of food consumed by us which acts as fuel of the cell and the energy released side by side to the energy carrier ATP. ATP in our body performs all energy-requiring activities. Due to this sole reason, mitochondria are often known as powerhouse of the cell.

Additional information:
Mitochondria are the self-replicating organelles. The old mitochondria undergoes division to give rise to new mitochondria. Mitochondrial matrices contain certain enzymes that help in synthesis of fatty acids. Some of the amino acids are also formed inside mitochondria. Green plant cells generally have fewer mitochondria than animal cells because chloroplast present in them also forms ATP.

Hence the correct option is option A i.e Mitochondria.

Note:- Mitochondria regulates calcium ion concentration in our cells by storing and releasing calcium as needed. These calcium ions released play a very important role in regulating biochemical activities of the cell.