Question

What is translation?

Answer 1

Hint: We have to remember that the translation is the process which takes place in cytoplasm or cytosol and is seen in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the entire process is known as gene expression. Translation occurs in three phases and it is an important process of making protein.

Complete answer:
As we know that in molecular biology or genetics translation is the process which takes place immediately after transcription of DNA or RNA in the cell’s nucleus. During translation synthesis of protein takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm with the help of ribosomes present in it. The entire process is called gene expression.
Translation involves “decoding” of mRNA (Messenger RNA) and using this information to build polypeptide or amino acid chains.
Translation is divided into three steps: Initiation, Elongation and Termination.
Initiation: As the name suggests initiation is the beginning step of translation and in this step ribosome gets together with mRNA (Messenger RNA) and tRNA (Transfer RNA) so translation can begin.
Elongation: In this step tRNA (Transfer RNA) brings amino acid toward ribosomes and the ribosome moves to mRNA (Messenger RNA) codon to continue the process creating amino acid chain and the process is known as translocation.
Termination: Termination is the least step during translation in which stop codon is released which stops the further reaction and ribosomes releases the polypeptide.
Translation is important as without translation your body will not be able to produce protein. Protein is important to our body as it allows you to do everything. It gives strength and helps in growth.

Note:
We also remember that the translation is seen in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes it takes place in cytoplasm and in eukaryotes it takes place in cytosol or across the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. This process is highly regulated in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.