The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the primary foreign intelligence agency of India. It was established in 1968 following the intelligence failures of the Sino-Indian and Indo-Pakistani wars, which persuaded the Government of India to create a specialised, independent agency dedicated to foreign intelligence gathering previously, both domestic and foreign intelligence had been the purview of the Intelligence Bureau.
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The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is an intelligence agency in Pakistan. It is headquartered in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. It is a premier intelligence service, responsible for providing intelligence assessment and national security in Pakistan. The current (As of October 2017) Director-General or head of ISI is Naveed Mukhtar.