Question

What is Landolt’s experiment?

Answer 1

Hint: Landolt’s experiment is used to define the “law of conservation of mass”. Law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed in chemical or physical reaction or transformation. So we will first understand what this law is all about and how Landolt’s experiment defines or justifies it.

Complete answer:
We know that the law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed in chemical or physical reaction or transformation. It can also be defined as during a chemical or physical reaction, the mass of the reactants consumed must be equal to the mass of products formed in that reaction.
The experimental setup of Landolt’s experiment is:

Some main features of Landolt’s experiment are:
In this experiment, a H-shaped tube which is especially designed for this process is taken. In one limb of the tube Silver nitrate solution $(AgN{O_3})$ was taken and in the other limb sodium chloride solution $NaCl$ was taken. And when the tube was sealed, its weight was measured.
Then, they were made to react with each other and after the reaction, the sealed tube’s weight was measured again. And it was found that the weight of the tube before and after the reaction was the same.
Hence, this law defines and justifies the Law of conservation of mass.

Note:
Law of conservation of mass has many applications in the industrial field as it helps to calculate the number of moles (amount) of reactant consumed in a chemical reaction and the number of moles (amount) of product formed during a chemical reaction or the physical reaction or transformation.