Question

The Supreme Court has extensive jurisdiction. In light of this statement, answer the following question:
1. Explain the composition of the Supreme Court.
2. How are the Judges of the Supreme Court-appointed?

Answer 1

Hint: In India, the Supreme Court has unique, appellate, and recommended jurisdiction. Its special unique jurisdiction spreads to all cases between the Government of India and the Territories of India or between the Government of India and territories on one side and one or more territories on the other side or cases between various territories.

Complete answer:
Originally, the Constitution of India afforded for a supreme court with a chief justice and seven judges. In the initial years, a complete bench of the Supreme Court sat together to hear the cases offered before them. As the work of the Court augmented and cases began to amass, Parliament amplified the number of judges (as well as the Chief Justice) from the initial 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960, 18 in 1978, 26 in 1986, 31 in 2009, to 34 in 2019. As the number of the judges has augmented, they sit in smaller benches of 2 or 3 (denoted to as a division bench)—coming together in bigger benches of 5 or more (denoted to as a constitution bench) when compelled to resolve important inquiries of law. A bench may examine a case before it goes to a larger bench, should the requirement ascend.
Every Judge of the Supreme Court shall be chosen by the President by license underneath his/her hand and closure after discussion with such of the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Court in the Territories as President may think essential for the resolution and shall hold office until he achieves the age of 65 years.

Note: The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be beseeched by documentation arranged by the High Court affected under Article 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the Constitution in deference of any ruling, verdict, or concluding directive of a High Court in both civil and criminal cases, including considerable queries of law as to the understanding of the Indian Constitution.