Question

The number of base pairs in human chromosomes is
(A) ${ 3\times 10 }^{ 9 }$
(B) ${ 3\times 10 }^{ 7 }$
(C) ${ 8\times 10 }^{ 8 }$
(D) ${ 6\times 10 }^{ 7 }$

Answer 1

Hint: The human genome contains approximately 3 billion base pairs, which lies in the 23 pairs of chromosomes within the nucleus of all our cells. The base pairs in humans are Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine.

Complete step by step answer:
The number of base pairs in human chromosomes is ${ 3\times 10 }^{ 9 }$. A nucleotide base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases made of one another by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA.
So, the correct answer is ‘${ 3\times 10 }^{ 9 }$’.

Additional Information:
The human genome is defined as the complete set of the sequences of the nucleic acid for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and during a small DNA molecule found in the individual's mitochondria. These are usually treated separately and the nuclear genome, and therefore the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes normally include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are present in the germ cells ie the egg and sperm gamete cells which were produced within the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote, contains three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes, these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the bonobos and chimpanzees.

Note: The number of genes present in the human genome is not completely clear because the function of numerous transcripts remains unclear. This is absolutely true for non-coding RNA. The number of protein-coding genes is almost known but there are still on the order of the 1,400 questionable genes which may or may not encode functional proteins, usually encoded by a short open reading frame.