Question

The law of segregation of characters postulated by Mendel can be related
(A) The presence of two alleles for each character in a somatic cell
(B) A gamete receiving only one of the two homologous chromosomes during meiosis
(C) Presence of both genes or the same chromosome
(D) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: A diploid organism transfers to its offspring a randomly chosen allele for a gene, such that the offspring gets one single allele from each parent.

Complete answer:To solve this question, at first we should know the law of segregation. The Law of Segregation states that each individual organism includes 2 alleles for each phenotype and that, during meiosis, these alleles separate so that each gamete produces only one of the alleles.

Now lets us find the solution from the given options-
1. The alleles separate from each other for each gene, so that each gamete holds just one allele for each gene. So, the presence of two alleles for each character in a somatic cell is an incorrect answer. Thus, option A is an incorrect option.
2. Mendel claimed that each factor in a pair is divided by means of meiosis during game creation, so that each game receives only one factor for each character. Inheritance chromosomal theory has claimed that Chromosomes occur in pairs in living species. Both chromosomes are considered Homologous.
3. Homologous chromosomes in each pair divide through the meiosis mechanism during sexual reproduction. So, a gamete receiving only one of the two homologous chromosomes during meiosis is the correct answer.
4. By inheriting homologous chromosomes from the parent species an offspring produces a pair of alleles for a trait: one allele for each trait from each parent. So, Presence of both genes and the same chromosome is an incorrect answer. Thus, the option C is the incorrect option.

Thus, the option B is the correct option. i.e. A gamete receiving only one of the two homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Note: The actual foundation of Mendel’s segregation law is the first meiosis separation in which the homologous chromosomes are divided into daughter nuclei, with their separate copies of each gene. During meiosis the activity of homologous chromosomes may account for the division of the alleles of separate gametes at each genetic locus.