Question

The involuntary actions in the body are controlled by
A. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla in forebrain
D. Medulla in hindbrain

Answer 1

Hint: Involuntary actions are those actions of the body that are not controlled by the body. It happens without our will. For example: breathing, heart pumping, circulation. Voluntary actions are those actions that are controlled by us. For example: walking, sitting and running.

Complete answer:
Involuntary actions are usually important actions that are needed to be done. They occur slowly even if the person is unconscious. Nervous system controls the involuntary and voluntary actions by sending and receiving signals.
Let us study the options:

Option A: Spinal cord also called backbone. It extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region. It is made of different small bones and provides support to the body. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option B: cerebellum also called little brain. It has an important role in motor control and in coordination, precision and timing of movements. Cerebellum consists of grey matter and white matter. It does not control involuntary actions. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option C: medulla is not present in the forebrain. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Options D: Medulla oblongata or medulla makes the lower portion of the brainstem. It controls the function of the nervous system like digestion, urination, circulation, pumping blood. All the involuntary actions. Therefore, this is the correct option.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D)

Note: An adult brain weighs about 3 pounds. It is made up of millions of neurons. The study of the brain's anatomy and physiology is called neurobiology. The various functions of medulla are as follows,
1.They have a role in controlling the rate of respiration and heartbeat
2.It also controls various other functions like vomiting, coughing, etc