Question

The functional segments of DNA are called-
a. RNA
b. Gene
c. Nucleus
d. Lipid

Answer 1

Hint: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. It carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

Complete answer:
A gene is the functional unit of DNA and also acts as a unit of inheritance. It contains the abilities and characters of a specific organism. These characters are hereditary and can be transferred from parent to offspring. Genes contain the information that is required to be transcribed into the RNA and then translated into proteins.
Additional Information :
Both RNA and DNA are the type of nucleic acid and are made up of nucleotides. DNA is usually a double-stranded molecule while RNA is single-stranded.
The nucleus is found in eukaryotic cells. It is fully enclosed by a double membrane called a nuclear membrane. It contains the majority of the cell’s genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with eight histone proteins in the form of chromosomes.
In human beings, the size of a gene can vary from a few hundred DNA base pairs to million base pairs. Every human acquires two copies of each gene from either parent during reproduction.

So, the correct answer is ‘gene’.

Note: The total complement of genes in an organism is known as its genome. It may be stored on one or more chromosomes. The region of the chromosome where a particular gene is located is called its locus.