Question

The entire genetic code consists of ____ amino acids and ____ codons.

Answer 1

Hint: The genetic code is a collection of rules that living cells use to translate data contained in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences). Ribosomes aid in carrying out the procedure of translation. They use tRNA (transfer RNA) components to transport the amino acids and also to scan the mRNA three nucleotides at a time, linking the amino acids with a messenger RNA (mRNA) in a predetermined order.
Complete step-by-step solution:
Following are the key points regarding genetic code:
- Triplets of nucleotides known as codons are used to "read" the genetic code. In other terms, a codon is made up of a group of three nucleotide bases.
- One amino acid is represented by three RNA bases in a triplet code.
- There are 64 codons, which are translated into 20 amino acids and act as signals to start and stop transcription.
- Codons are used by the code to create the amino acids that become proteins.
- Each triplet (codon) designates either a start or stop signal for protein synthesis or specific amino acid in a protein structure.
- The code provides the link between the sequence of amino acids in proteins and the sequence of bases in nucleic acids (DNA and complementary RNA).
- The code describes the process through which genetic data is kept in living things.
Hence, option B is the correct answer.
Note:
It has been found that there exist 64 triplets of nucleotides in the genetic code. Among these 64 triplets, three of them are well-known as codons. Having the exception of three nucleotides, each codon postulates one of the 20 amino acids which is essential for the conduction of protein synthesis. The code becomes rather redundant as a result. Numerous codons are used to encode the majority of amino acids. Two similar processes are carried out by one AUG codon. It marks the beginning of translation and specifies how the amino acid methionine will be incorporated into the expanding polypeptide chain.