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Hint: To answer the correct option, we should know about angle strain. We should know about the structure of cyclobutane.
Complete step by step solution:
Let us first understand about angle strain. We should know that, when there is an increase in potential energy of a molecule due to bond angles deviation, then we can say that it has angle strain. We should know that these deviations occur or we can say that bond angles deviate from the ideal bond angles to achieve maximum bond strength in a specific chemical conformation. Angle strain typically affects cyclic molecules, which lack the flexibility of acyclic molecules. We should know that angle strain destabilizes a molecule, as we can say that, it achieves higher reactivity and achieves elevated heat of combustion. We should know that maximum bond strength results from effective overlap of atomic orbitals in a chemical bond.
We should know that in 1885, a German chemist Adolf von Baeyer proposed a strain theory for the stability of carbocyclic compounds. We can say that the molecular structure includes one or more rings of carbon atoms depending on the amount by which the angles between the chemical bonds deviate from the value (109°28′) observed in compounds not containing such rings. The amount of deviation is the measure of the strain of the ring: the greater the strain, the less stable is the ring.
Now, coming back to our question about the structure of cyclobutane, we should know that cyclobutane is a four membered ring. If we represent in two dimensions, it is a square, with 90 degree angles at each corner.
According to Baeyer's strain theory, the amount of the strain is directly proportional to the angle through which a valency bond has deviated from its normal position.
We can say that mount of deviation
(d) =\[\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}(\text{1}0\text{9}{}^\circ \text{28}'-Valency\,angle)\]
Cyclobutane (d)= \[\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}(\text{1}0\text{9}{}^\circ \text{28}'-\text{9}0{}^\circ )=\text{9}{}^\circ \text{44}'\]
From the above discussion, we can say that option D is correct.
Note: We should know that Cyclobutanes are slightly more stable than cyclopropanes and are also a little more common in nature. We use the concept of ring strain in a number of applications. We can say that the potential energy and unique bonding structure contained in the bonds of molecules having ring strain can be used to drive reactions in organic synthesis. We should know about some examples of such reactions. These reactions are, Ring opening metathesis polymerisation, photo-induced ring opening of cyclobutenes, and nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxides and aziridines.
Complete step by step solution:
Let us first understand about angle strain. We should know that, when there is an increase in potential energy of a molecule due to bond angles deviation, then we can say that it has angle strain. We should know that these deviations occur or we can say that bond angles deviate from the ideal bond angles to achieve maximum bond strength in a specific chemical conformation. Angle strain typically affects cyclic molecules, which lack the flexibility of acyclic molecules. We should know that angle strain destabilizes a molecule, as we can say that, it achieves higher reactivity and achieves elevated heat of combustion. We should know that maximum bond strength results from effective overlap of atomic orbitals in a chemical bond.
We should know that in 1885, a German chemist Adolf von Baeyer proposed a strain theory for the stability of carbocyclic compounds. We can say that the molecular structure includes one or more rings of carbon atoms depending on the amount by which the angles between the chemical bonds deviate from the value (109°28′) observed in compounds not containing such rings. The amount of deviation is the measure of the strain of the ring: the greater the strain, the less stable is the ring.
Now, coming back to our question about the structure of cyclobutane, we should know that cyclobutane is a four membered ring. If we represent in two dimensions, it is a square, with 90 degree angles at each corner.
According to Baeyer's strain theory, the amount of the strain is directly proportional to the angle through which a valency bond has deviated from its normal position.
We can say that mount of deviation
(d) =\[\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}(\text{1}0\text{9}{}^\circ \text{28}'-Valency\,angle)\]
Cyclobutane (d)= \[\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}(\text{1}0\text{9}{}^\circ \text{28}'-\text{9}0{}^\circ )=\text{9}{}^\circ \text{44}'\]
From the above discussion, we can say that option D is correct.
Note: We should know that Cyclobutanes are slightly more stable than cyclopropanes and are also a little more common in nature. We use the concept of ring strain in a number of applications. We can say that the potential energy and unique bonding structure contained in the bonds of molecules having ring strain can be used to drive reactions in organic synthesis. We should know about some examples of such reactions. These reactions are, Ring opening metathesis polymerisation, photo-induced ring opening of cyclobutenes, and nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxides and aziridines.
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