Question

Term ‘hormone’ was coined by
(A) W.M.Bayliss
(B) E.H.Schally
(C) E.H.Starling
(D) G.W.Harris

Answer 1

Hint: Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted by the endocrine glands/organs. Hormones are released directly into the bloodstream by endocrine glands/organs from where they are transported to their target organs to show their effect.

Complete answer:
Hormones are produced by the endocrine system of the body. Endocrine system is made up of various endocrine glands or organs like hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, pineal body, pancreas, and thymus. All these organs or glands produce different types of hormones.

For example - Testosterone is the hormone released by testes. It controls secondary sexual characteristics in males and production of sperm. Pineal gland secretes a hormone known as Melatonin that controls sleep. The term hormone was taken from a Greek word meaning ‘to excite or arouse’.

Secretin was the first hormone that was discovered. The discovery of secretin was made in the year 1902 by E.M. Starling and W.M. Bayliss. However, the term hormone was first used by E.H. Starling while delivering a lecture on the topic 'On the chemical correlation of the functions of the body' at Royal College of Physicians in London in 1905. E.H. Starling was a Professor of Physiology at the University College of London (United Kingdom).

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Note: Hormones are divided into three types – peptide hormones (protein hormones), amine hormones, and steroid hormones. Peptide hormones are made up of polypeptide chains, amine hormones are synthesized from amino acids, and steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol (lipid). All of these hormones play an important role in controlling and regulating different body functions.