Question

State and explain laws of chemical combination

Answer 1

Hint:To solve this we must recall the concept of laws of chemical combination. The matter transfers from one form to another. The transformation is the result of a combination of two different types of matter.

Complete step by step answer:We know that there are five laws of chemical combination as follows:
1-Law of conservation of mass.
2-Law of definite proportions.
3-Law of multiple proportions.
4-Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes.
5-Avogadro’s law.
We will explain the laws as follows:
1-Law of conservation of mass:
The law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction.
The law explains that in a chemical reaction, mass of reactants and the mass of products will always be equal. According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus, we always balance a chemical equation.
For any chemical reaction, the mass of reactant consumed is equal to the mass of the product formed.
Example of the law of conservation of mass is the formation of water. The reaction is as follows:
${\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}} + {{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}} \to {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$
Here, the mass of reactants is equal to the mass of the product. Thus, the reaction proves the law of conservation of mass.
2-Law of definite proportions:
The law is also known as law of constant proportions. The law of definite proportions states that in a chemical substance, the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass.
According to the law, the relative number and kinds of atoms are constant for every compound.
Example of the law of definite proportion is as follows: In a water molecule $\left( {{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}} \right)$, the ratio of mass of hydrogen and the mass of oxygen is ${\text{1:8}}$. The ratio is always constant.
3-Law of multiple proportions:
The law of multiple proportions states that if the elements combine to form two or more compounds then the mass of the elements in the compounds are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
Example of law of multiple proportions is as follows: Carbon forms two oxides – carbon monoxide $\left( {{\text{CO}}} \right)$ and carbon dioxide $\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}} \right)$. In these oxides, one molecule of carbon is fixed and the ratio of oxygen is $1:2$.
4-Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes:
The Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes states that the ratio of volumes of reacting gases are small whole numbers at same temperature and pressure.
Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes is considered as a different form of law of definite proportions. Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes is with respect to volume whereas law of definite proportions is with respect to mass.
5-Avogadro’s law:
Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of moles of gases.
Avogadro’s law suggests that $2{\text{ L}}$ of oxygen and $2{\text{ L}}$ of nitrogen contain the same number of moles if measured at same temperature and pressure.

Note: The laws of chemical combination describe the basic principles that are obeyed by the atoms or molecules that interact. These interactions can include different combinations. The laws of chemical combination give a mathematical formulation and allow us to predict the reactions.