Question

Match the columns and select the correct options.

	Column - I		Column - II
(p)	Spike	(i)	Bougainvillea
(q)	Capitulum	(ii)	Coleus
(r)	Dichasial cyme	(iii)	Adhatoda
(s)	Multiparous cyme	(iv)	Zinnia
(t)	Verticillaster	(v)	Asclepias

(a) p - (iii), q - (iv), r - (i), s - (v), t - (ii)
(b) p - (iii), q - (i), r - (iv), s - (v), t - (ii)
(c) p - (ii), q - (iv), r - (i), s - (v), t - (iii)
(d) p - (v), q - (iv), r - (i), s - (iii), t - (ii)

Answer 1

Hint: Column - I mention the modifications in the morphology present in flowering plants while Column - II gives an example of the plants containing the said modification. The modifications are present for providing protection, attracting pollinators, or other reasons.

Complete step by step answer:
- A spike flower is a type of racemose inflorescence where the flowers are attached directly to the axis at the axil of each leaf rather than to a pedicel, which is absent. Adhatoda flowers are white-colored and the inflorescence shows large, dense, axillary spikes.
- A capitulum is a racemose inflorescence where the axis is flattened or rounded and has a cluster of sessile flowers. The axis is known as a receptacle. This is present in Zinnia.
- A dichasial cyme is a type of determinate simple inflorescence where two lateral branches develop on the two sides of the terminal flower. It is also known as dichasium. An example of this type is Bougainvillea.
- Multiparous cyme or a polychasial cyme is another determinate simple inflorescence where more than two lateral branches from the terminal flower. An example is Asclepias or milkweeds.
- Verticillaster is a fascicle with the structure of a dichasium where the fascicle is a reduced raceme or cyme that grows in the axil of the leaf of the bract. The cluster of flowers grows in the form of condensed whorls on either side of the node. An example is Coleus.
So, the correct answer is ‘p - (iii), q - (iv), r - (i), s - (v), t - (ii) ’.

Additional information:
- An example of the spike is the cattail or Typha.
- Another example of the capitulum is seen in sunflower or Helianthus.
- Another example of dichasial cyme is Dianthus or ‘pinks’.
- Another example of a multiparous cyme is Jasmine or Jasminum.
- Another example of a verticillaster is Ocimum or basil.

Note:
- The group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that consists of the main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches is called an inflorescence. It is the modified part of the shooting part of the flowering plants.
- There is no exact classification of inflorescences but they can be majorly defined as either simple or compound inflorescences.