Question

Match column-I (Definition) with column-II (Terms) and select the correct option from the codes given below:

	Column I		Column II
A.	A single trait controlled by three or more than three alleles	I.	Pleiotropy
B.	A single trait controlled by three or more than three genes	II.	Multiple alleles
C.	A single gene exhibits multiple phenotype expression	III.	Polygenic inheritance

(A) A-II; B-III; C-I
(B) A-III; B-II; C-I
(C) A-I; B-II; C-III
(D) A-II; B-I; C-III

Answer 1

Hint: Pleiotropy means where a single genes expresses many phenotypic characters, in multiple allele single character is controlled by many alleles, polygenic inheritance means that a single trait is controlled by three or more genes.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
Pleiotropism is a phenomenon in which a single gene regulates many, unrelated phenotypic effects. Consider phenylketonuria. It is a chromosome 12-related autosomal recessive condition. Pleiotropy describes diseases that impact several, seemingly unrelated organ systems. For instance, one person in a pedigree might have a heart arrhythmia, while another person with the same illness in the same or a different pedigree displays deafness and muscle weakness.

When three or more alleles of a gene are present, it is referred to as having multiple alleles. Alleles are various or opposing variations of a gene. One allele, for instance, may provide tallness while the other may cause dwarfism in the gene that determines height. However, multiple allelism occurs when there are more than two gene variants at the same locus. Polygenic inheritance, also known as multiple gene inheritance or multiple factor inheritance, is defined as quantitative inheritance, when numerous independent genes have an additive or comparable effect on a single quantitative trait.
So, option (A) is correct.




Note: A sort of non-mendelian inheritance pattern known as many alleles involves more than just the customary two alleles that typically code for a given trait in a species. When two or more genes govern the same characteristic, this is known as polygenic inheritance. Genes are frequently abundant yet have little impact. Human polygenic inheritance includes traits like height, weight, and the hues of the eyes and skin. Pleiotropy arises when one gene affects two or more phenotypic qualities that appear to be unrelated. For instance, pleiotropy contributes to the disease phenylketonuria. Pleiotropy also contributes to the disease sickle cell anemia.