Question

Kirchoff’s voltage law and current law are respectively in accordance with the conservation of
(A) charge and momentum
(B) charge and energy
(C) energy and charge
(D) energy and momentum

Answer 1

Hint: Kirchoff’s Law equates the potential drop to the emf induced by the battery whereas, current Law states that the summation of current in a circuit is zero. Therefore, energy change in battery is conserved and charge flowing in the circuit as well.

Complete Step by step answer: Kirchoff drew two laws for current flow and voltage in a circuit. They are KIrchoff’s Current and Voltage Law. These two together constitute the Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that “in any closed loop network, the total voltage around the loop is equal to the sum of all the voltage drops within the same loop”. To explain this in simple terms, the voltage produced across a circuit is equal to the voltage drop in the cells in a circuit.
The chemical energy in the cell/s is/are converted to electrical energy. And when charge flows in the circuit, the induced emf is dropped often inside of the cell/s. Also, a voltage difference is induced across it, which induces current flow. Kirchoff observed that these two are equal. (Observe the figure below.)
Mathematically, \[\sum {iR = } \sum E \].

The second Law is Kirchoff’s Current Law. This law states that the “for a parallel path the total current entering a circuits junction is exactly equal to the total current leaving the same junction”. It means that the total current in a circuit is conserved. In terms of charge, when charge starts flowing in a circuit, the amount entering through one end is equal to the amount leaving the other end. Therefore, this law also conserves a physical quantity; charge. (See figure below.)
Mathematically, $\sum {i = 0} $

Therefore, according to our question, Kirchoff's voltage law and current law are respectively in accordance with the conservation of energy and charge.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law: \[\sum {iR = } \sum E \]
Where $i$ is the current in the circuit and is expressed in Amperes $(A)$, $R$ is the resistance in the circuit and is expressed in Ohms $(\Omega )$ and $E$ is the emf induced by the battery and is expressed in Volts $(V)$.
Kirchoff’s Current Law: $\sum {i = 0} $

Hence, the correct option is C.

Note: Kirchoff’s Laws are based on the theory of Conservation of Energy. Charge produced is an energy as well and so is the voltage as it is produced from battery by the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy.