Question

In allene structure, three carbon atoms are joined by:
\[\] \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}
   \left( \text{A} \right)\text{ three }\sigma \text{and three }\pi \text{ bond} \\
   \left( \text{B} \right)\text{ two }\sigma \text{ and one }\pi \text{ bond} \\
   \left( \text{C } \right)\text{ two }\sigma \text{ and two }\pi \text{ bonds} \\
   \left( \text{D} \right)\text{ three }\pi \text{ bonds only} \\
\end{array}\]

Answer 1

Hint: Ene indicates an alkene group which confirms presence of one double bond and allene are organic compounds in which one central carbon atom has double bonds with adjacent carbon atoms.
Complete step by step answer:
- Allene refers to structural formula C=C=C
- Allene indicates presence of double bond, so structural formula of ALLENE is H₂C=C=CH₂
- The Hybridization of the Central Carbon atom in allene is sp. Hybridization of terminal carbon atoms is $s{{p}^{2}}$.
- The Electronic configuration of carbon atom in ground state is $1{{s}^{2}}2{{s}^{2}}2{{p}^{2}}$.
- Valency of carbon atoms is 4, so an electron from 2s is transferred to 2p as the energy level of 2s and 2p is -almost the same.
- The electronic configuration of carbon atoms in excited state is $1{{s}^{2}}2{{s}^{1}}2{{p}^{3}}$.
- As Energy level of 2s and 2p is almost same, so 2s orbital and one p orbital mix together to form two sp hybridized orbitals which overlap with orbitals of other atom to form sigma bonds and remaining 2p orbitals are unhybridized which overlap sidewise to form two pi bonds.
- For terminal carbon atoms, one 2s orbital and two 2p form three $s{{p}^{2}}$ orbitals and one p orbital remains unhybridized.
- A double bond has one sigma and one pi bond.
- As there are two double bonds between three carbon atoms in allene, there are two sigma bonds and two pi bonds between them.
So option C is correct.
Note: Single bond is sigma bond. Double bond has one sigma plus one pi bond. Triple bond has one sigma and two pi bonds. Allene is confused with Allyl which is having the structural formula H₂C=CH-CH₂R.
Allene is also known as Propadiene as prop indicates it has three carbons and Diene indicates two double bonds.