Question

If \[\sin \theta +{{\sin }^{2}}\theta =1\], find the value of
\[{{\cos }^{12}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{10}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{8}}\theta +{{\cos }^{6}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{4}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -2\]

Answer 1

Hint: First of all, use the formula \[{{\sin }^{2}}\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}\theta =1\] in the given equation to get \[\sin \theta ={{\cos }^{2}}\theta \]. Now use \[{{\left( a+b \right)}^{3}}={{a}^{3}}+{{b}^{3}}+3ab\left( a+b \right)\] in the given expression to express it in terms of \[\left( \sin \theta +{{\sin }^{2}}\theta \right)\] whose value is 1.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Here, we are given that \[\sin \theta +{{\sin }^{2}}\theta =1\] and we have to find the value of \[{{\cos }^{12}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{10}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{8}}\theta +{{\cos }^{6}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{4}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -2\]
First of all let us take the given equation, that is, \[\sin \theta +{{\sin }^{2}}\theta =1\]
We know that \[{{\sin }^{2}}\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}\theta =1\]
Or, \[{{\sin }^{2}}\theta =1-{{\cos }^{2}}\theta \]
By putting the value of \[{{\sin }^{2}}\theta \] in the given equation, we get,
\[\sin \theta +1-{{\cos }^{2}}\theta =1\]
By cancelling 1 from both sides, we get,
\[\sin \theta -{{\cos }^{2}}\theta =0\]
Or, \[\sin \theta ={{\cos }^{2}}\theta ....\left( i \right)\]
Now, let us consider the expression whose value is to be found as,
\[A={{\cos }^{12}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{10}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{8}}\theta +{{\cos }^{6}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{4}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -2\]
We can also write the above expression as,
\[A={{\left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta \right)}^{3}}+3{{\cos }^{6}}\theta \left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)+{{\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)}^{3}}+2\left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta -{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -1 \right)\]
Now by writing, \[{{\cos }^{6}}\theta ={{\cos }^{2}}\theta .{{\cos }^{4}}\theta \], we get
\[A={{\left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta \right)}^{3}}+3{{\cos }^{2}}\theta .{{\cos }^{4}}\theta \left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)+{{\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)}^{3}}+2\left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta -{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -1 \right)\]
Now, we know that \[{{a}^{3}}+3ab\left( a+b \right)+{{b}^{3}}={{\left( a+b \right)}^{3}}\]
By taking \[a={{\cos }^{4}}\theta \] and \[b={{\cos }^{2}}\theta \] in the above expression, we get,
\[A={{\left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)}^{3}}+2\left( {{\cos }^{4}}\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -1 \right)\]
By writing \[{{\cos }^{4}}\theta ={{\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)}^{2}}\] in the above expression, we get,
\[A={{\left[ {{\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)}^{2}}+\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right) \right]}^{3}}+2\left[ {{\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta \right)}^{2}}+{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -1 \right]\]
From equation (i), we know that \[{{\cos }^{2}}\theta =\sin \theta \]. By applying it in the above expression, we get
\[A={{\left[ {{\left( \sin \theta \right)}^{2}}+\sin \theta \right]}^{3}}+2\left( {{\left( \sin \theta \right)}^{2}}+\sin \theta -1 \right)\]
As we are given that \[\sin \theta +{{\sin }^{2}}\theta =1\], therefore by applying it in the above equation, we get,
\[\begin{align}
  & A={{\left[ 1 \right]}^{3}}+2\left[ 1-1 \right] \\
 & A=1+2\left( 0 \right) \\
 & A=1 \\
\end{align}\]
Therefore, we get the value of \[{{\cos }^{12}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{10}}\theta +3{{\cos }^{8}}\theta +{{\cos }^{6}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{4}}\theta +2{{\cos }^{2}}\theta -2=1\].

Note: Take special care of powers of each term while writing them and always cross-check after writing each equation. Whenever you get the higher powers, always try using the formulas like \[{{\left( a+b \right)}^{3}}={{a}^{3}}+{{b}^{3}}+3ab\left( a+b \right)\]or \[{{\left( a-b \right)}^{3}}={{a}^{3}}-{{b}^{3}}-3ab\left( a-b \right)\] according to the question. Here, while solving the given equation, some students finally write it as \[\sin \theta =\cos \theta \] or \[{{\sin }^{2}}\theta ={{\cos }^{2}}\theta \] instead of \[\sin \theta ={{\cos }^{2}}\theta \]. So this mistake must be avoided.