Question

Identify the disease against which human beings have innate immunity.
A)Distemper 
B) Influenza
C) Small-pox       
D) Rabies

Answer 1

Hint: Innate immunity is present since birth, evolutionary primitive, and is relatively nonspecific. It provides the early defence against pathogens before an adaptive immune response can develop. It is nonspecific to any one pathogen but acts against all foreign molecules and pathogens. It does not rely on previous exposure to a pathogen and the response is functional since birth and has no memory.


Complete step-by-step answer:
Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and is transmitted by aerosol or contact. Its symptoms include severe headache, backache, fever, skin eruption papules, and vesicle pustules crusts.
Rabies is caused by lyssavirus, it is transmitted by the bite of an infected animal, by aerosol released by the infected animal by contamination of scratches wound with the saliva from infected animals.
Flu is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. To prevent flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year. Symptoms include cough and sneezing.
Distemper: Distemper is a viral disease that can spread from one organism to another in domestic dogs and other animals such as ferrets, skunks, and raccoons. It is an incurable, often fatal disease that affects multiple organs. It affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. Also like humans, animals carry germs. But illnesses common among house pets — such as distemper, canine parvovirus, and heartworms Distemper can't spread to people. So distemper is the disease for which humans have innate immunity.


Therefore the correct answer is Option A.
Note: The principal components of innate immunity are:
1) Physical and chemical barriers such as skin and antimicrobial chemicals produced at epithelial surfaces.
2) Soluble effector proteins, including components of the complement system and other mediators of inflammation.
3) Cellular components such as phagocytic cells( neutrophils, macrophages), NK cells, and other innate lymphoid cells.
4) Cell-associated pattern recognition receptors and sensors.