Question

How do proteins relate to DNA?

Answer 1

Hint: DNA is the main genetic material present in most organisms and it stores all the genetic information. Proteins are a type of biomolecules that provide energy to most organisms.

Complete answer:
1)The proteins and DNA are related in many ways but they are mainly related through the central dogma process where the genetic information from the DNA is copied into mRNA where the DNA acts as a template and the enzyme RNA polymerase is used to carry out this process and after which the mRNA leads to the synthesis of proteins with the help of ribosomes.

2)The first step of central dogma is known as the transcription and the second step is known as the translation. The transcription and translation together constitute the central dogma process.

3)DNA is also covered by some basic proteins that are known as the histone proteins to form a structure known as chromatin. These proteins are alkaline whereas the DNA is acidic and these histone proteins attach to the DNA in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells.

Note: Initially there was a lot of confusion regarding the genetic material as the chromosomes have both DNA as well as proteins, and many other molecules. Many experiments took place, Some experiments concluded that protein is the genetic material, but later advanced experiments and research concluded that DNA is the genetic material and not the proteins.