Question

For the compounds $HF,HBr,{H_2}Te,{H_3}P$which of the following statements is true?
This question has multiple correct options.
A.$HF$(Strong acid)
B.${H_2}Te$(Strong base)
C.$HBr$(Strong acid)
D.${H_3}P$ (Strong base)

Answer 1

Hint:An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions. ... Now there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions in the solution. This kind of solution is acidic. A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions. When a base is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions shifts the opposite way.

Complete step by step answer:
$HF,HBr,{H_2}Te,{H_3}P$ lie in the halogen halide group of the periodic table.
Acidic character is determined by the strength of $H - X$ bond.
Stronger the $H - X$ bond, lesser acidic the halide will be.
In the periodic table, as we move from top to bottom the bond strength decreases.
Because the size of an atom with respect to hydrogen starts increasing from top to bottom, so the bond strength will decrease. Acidic character is determined by how easily a compound can lose hydrogen atoms. The compound whose bond strength is weak can more easily lose hydrogen atoms.
Acidic nature of compounds is directly proportional to weak $H - X$ bond strength.
Hence, bond strength decreases as we move from top to bottom, hence acidic nature increases.
Among the following options, $HBr$ is at the bottom of the periodic table, so it is the strongest acid .
The correct option is C. $HBr$(Strong acid)
We know that basicity is the opposite of acidity. So, in the modern periodic table, as we move from top to bottom basicity decreases. As the size of atoms increases, they become electron deficient.
Thus top to bottom in periodic table tendency to donate electrons decreases and basicity decreases.
 In each horizontal row of the periodic table, the most basic hydrides are on the left and the most acidic hydrides are on the right.
${H_3}P$ is Strong base.
Option D is correct.

Note:From left to right on the periodic table, acid-base character of oxides and hydroxides go from basic to acidic. Increasing charge on an anion increases the production of basic solutions.