Find the modulus and the argument of the complex number$z = - 1 - i\sqrt 3 $.
Answer
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Hint-These types of questions can be solved by using the formula of modulus and argument of the complex number. Given complex number is $z = - 1 - i\sqrt 3 $ Now we know that the general form of complex number is $z = x + iy$ Now comparing the above two we get, $x = - 1$ and ${\text{ }}y = - \sqrt 3 $ Now let’s find the modulus of the complex number. We know that the modulus of a complex number is $\left| z \right|$ $\left| z \right| = \sqrt {{x^2} + {y^2}} $ Now putting the value of $x$ and $y$ we get, $ \left| z \right| = \sqrt {{{( - 1)}^2} + {{( - \sqrt 3 )}^2}} \\ \left| z \right| = \sqrt {1 + 3} \\ \left| z \right| = \sqrt 4 \\ \left| z \right| = 2 \\ $ Therefore, the modulus of a given complex number is $2$. Now let’s find the argument of the complex number. Now we know that the general form of complex number is $z = x + iy$ Let $x$ be $r\cos \theta $ and$y$ be $r\sin \theta $ where $r$ is the modulus of the complex number. Now putting the values of $x$ and $y$ in $z$ we get, $z = r\cos \theta + ir\sin \theta $ Now comparing the above two we get, $ - 1 - i\sqrt 3 {\text{ }} = r\cos \theta + ir\sin \theta $ Now, comparing the real parts we get, ${\text{ - 1 = }}r\cos \theta $ Now, putting the value of $r$ in the above equation we get, $ {\text{ - 1 = 2}}\cos \theta \\ {\text{or }}\cos \theta = \dfrac{{ - 1}}{2}{\text{ }} \\ $ Similarly, compare the imaginary parts and put the value of $r$ we get, $ - \sqrt 3 = 2\sin \theta \\ {\text{or }}\sin \theta = - \dfrac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} \\ $ Hence, $\sin \theta = - \dfrac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}{\text{ and }}\cos \theta = \dfrac{{ - 1}}{2}{\text{ }}$ or$\theta {\text{ = }}{60^ \circ }$ Now we can clearly see that the values of both $\sin \theta $ and$\cos \theta $ are negative. And we know that they both are negative in ${3^{rd}}$ quadrant. Therefore, the argument is in ${3^{rd}}$ quadrant. Argument${\text{ = - (18}}{0^ \circ } - \theta {\text{)}}$ $ {\text{ = - (18}}{0^ \circ } - \theta {\text{)}} \\ = {\text{ - (18}}{0^ \circ } - {60^ \circ }{\text{)}} \\ {\text{ = - (12}}{{\text{0}}^ \circ }{\text{)}} \\ {\text{ = - 12}}{0^ \circ } \\ $ Now converting it in $\pi $ form we get, $ = - {120^ \circ } \times \dfrac{\pi }{{{{180}^ \circ }}} \\ = - \dfrac{{2\pi }}{3} \\ $ Hence, the argument of complex number is $ - \dfrac{{2\pi }}{3}$ Note- Whenever we face such types of questions the key concept is that we simply compare the given complex number with its general form and then find the value of $x$ and $y$ and put it in the formula of modulus and argument of the complex number
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