Question

How does gene regulation differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Hint: Some cellular processes are the product of the organism's need to protect itself. To protect the cell from viral or parasitic infections, cellular processes such as gene silencing have been developed. If the cell could switch off gene expression rapidly for a brief amount of time, when other cells could not it would be able to survive an infection. The organism has now created a new mechanism that has allowed it to survive, and it has been able to carry on this new creation to the offspring.

Complete answer:
We must first consider how a gene codes for a functional protein in a cell in order to understand how gene expression is regulated. In all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the mechanism takes place, but in somewhat different ways.
In prokaryotes, there is a single-cell lacking a nucleus, DNA freely present cytoplasm. For protein synthesis, transcription and translation occur at same time. The protein being formed when not needed, transcription aborts.
In addition, eukaryotic cells have intracellular organelles that contribute to their complexity.

The DNA of eukaryotic cells is found within the nucleus of the cell and is transcribed into RNA there. The freshly synthesized RNA is then taken into the cytoplasm from the nucleus, where the RNA is converted into protein by ribosomes. Transcription and translation processes are physically isolated by the nuclear membrane; transcription happens inside the nucleus only and translation occurs in the cytoplasm only outside the nucleus. At all stages of the process, gene expression control will occur.

Note: By regulating the amount of transcription, prokaryotic cells can only regulate gene expression. The difficulty of gene expression regulation grew as eukaryotic cells developed. For example, compartmentalization of essential cellular components and cellular processes occurred with the evolution of eukaryotic cells. A nuclear region has been established that includes DNA. Transcription and translation have been divided functionally into two distinct cellular compartments.