Question

What does cane sugar give on hydrolysis?
A) Glucose and Galactose
B) Glucose and Fructose
C) Glucose only
D) Fructose only

Answer 1

Hint: By hydrolysis we mean the chemical breakdown of a compound due to its reaction with water and gives a product by gaining a hydrogen ion. Cane sugar is said to be highly rich in sucrose which is a disaccharide and also a common sugar.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Cane sugar contains high sucrose content whose chemical formula is \[{C_{12}}{H_{22}}{O_{11}}\] . Sucrose is a disaccharide which means it is a combination of two monosaccharides which are glucose and fructose. Hydrolysis of cane sugar is also called inversion of cane sugar. The water helps in the cleavage of the glycosidic bond between the $C1$ of the glycosyl subunit and $C2$ of the fructosyl unit.
$
  {C_{12}}{H_{22}}{O_{11}} + {H_2}O \to {C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6} + {C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6} \\
  Sucrose + Water \to Glucose + Fructose \\
 $
This step is done with the help of enzyme invertase.

Additional information: Hydration is the opposite of dehydration synthesis which is the removal of water molecules. In the process of hydration bonds are broken and energy is released. Since there is absence of anomeric hydroxyl groups in sucrose it is called as a non-reducing sugar.

Unlike most of the disaccharides, the glycosidic bond in sucrose is formed in between the reducing ends of both glucose and fructose, and not between the reducing end of one compound and the non-reducing end of the other compound. This glycosidic linkage inhibits further bonding to other saccharides and prevents sucrose from reacting with cellular and circulatory macromolecules in the manner that glucose and other reducing sugars do.

Hence the correct answer is option B which is Glucose and Fructose.

Note: Addition can cause substance and water molecules to split into two parts. In such reactions, one fragment of the parent molecule gains a hydrogen ion while the other one gains a hydroxide ion. It is a double decomposition reaction with water as one of the reactants.