Question

Distinguish between retrotransposons and DNA transposons?

Answer 1

Hint: Retrotransposons (likewise called Class I transposable components or transposons by means of RNA intermediates) are a sort of hereditary segment that reorder themselves into various genomic areas (transposon) by changing over RNA back into DNA through the cycle invert record utilizing a RNA rendering halfway.

Complete Answer:
Transposons are fragments of DNA that can move around to various situations in the genome of a solitary cell. All the while, they may
• cause mutations.
• increase (or decrease) the amount of DNA in the genome.
These portable sections of DNA are some of the time called "Jumping genes".

There are three types:
• Class II Transposons comprising just DNA that moves straightforwardly here and there.
• Class III Transposons; otherwise called Miniature Inverted-rehashes Transposable Elements or MITEs.
• Retrotransposons (Class I) that first translate the DNA into RNA and afterward
use reverse transcriptase to make a DNA duplicate of the RNA to embed in another area.
 Retrotransposons move by a "reorder" system yet rather than the transposons depicted over, the duplicate is made of RNA, not DNA.
• The RNA duplicates are then deciphered once again into DNA - utilizing an opposite transcriptase - and these are embedded into new areas in the genome.
• Many retrotransposons have long terminal rehashes (LTRs) at their finishes that may contain more than 1000 base sets in each.
• Like DNA transposons, retrotransposons produce direct rehashes at their new locales of inclusion. Actually, it is the presence of these immediate rehashes that frequently is the piece of information that the interceding stretch of DNA showed up there by retrotransposition.
• About 40% of the whole human genome comprises retrotransposons.

Sl.No	Retrotransposons	Transposons
1.	They are found only in eukaryotes.	They are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as well.
2.	These are first transcribed into RNA that is then reversely transcribed into DNA.	Simple DNA fragments can change positions in the genome and replicate independently.
3.	They produce RNA intermediate.	Simply cut and paste DNA segments during transposition.
4.	Enzyme requires its reverse transcriptase.	Enzyme used is transposase

Note: Transposition regularly brings about duplication of similar hereditary material while retrotransposons chips away at the cycle turn around record utilizing an RNA interpretation middle of the road.