Question

Differentiate between fertilization and pollination.

Answer 1

Hint: Pollination and fertilization are two very essential processes in the sexual reproduction of plants. Without pollination, the whole process will be a lot problematic as plants can't do locomotion, whereas fertilization is essential for every sexual reproduction to occur.

Complete answer:
Here are the differences between fertilization and pollination:

Fertilization	Pollination
1.It is the process of two gametes to fuse together and give rise to new individuals and initiate their development.	1.Its the phenomenon of transfer of pollen grains from stamen to female stigma.
2.It results in the zygote that evolves into a new organism.	2.In angiosperm, after landing of the pollen grain, it germinates and the pollen tube grows down the style to reach the ovary where actual fertilization takes place. In gymnosperm, no penetration of carpel tissue occurs.
3.It is an internal process and happens inside the flower.	3.Its an external process and occurs in the outer part of the flower.
4. Fertilization takes place after pollination and dependent on it as without pollination male pollen and female eggs can’t come in contact.	4. Pollination occurs before fertilization. After the transfer of gametes, they fuse to form a zygote.
5.In the case of fertilization, there’s no need for external factors.	5.In the case of pollination, external factors called pollinating agents such as animals, insects, air, water, etc are required to carry the pollen.
6.Fertilization occurs in every living organism and is an essential process to continue generations by reproduction.	6.Pollination occurs only in the case of flowering plants.
7.It is a biochemical and genetic phenomenon.	7.It’s a physical process only.

Note: The process of fertilization occurs after pollination. These two are co-related as in plant pollination is very necessary to make contact between male and female gametes and let them come close. Then only the fertilization can occur. And without fertilization, there's no meaning of pollination. As we know by now, that these are not the same process, one is external whereas the other is internal and pollination is quite simpler than the fertilization process.