Question

Different steps of aerobic respiration are
(a) Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
(c) Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and terminal oxidation
(d) Krebs cycle and teeming oxidation

Answer 1

Hint: Aerobic respiration is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen, occurring in a cell to convert chemical energy into ATPs. Aerobic respiration is the complete cellular oxidation of organic molecules, utilizing molecular oxygen and releasing ${ CO }_{ 2 }$. The most essential aspect of aerobic respiration is the step by step transfer of energized hydrogen through a chain of hydrogen acceptors within cells. Ultimately, hydrogen combines with oxygen and forms water.

Complete step by step answer:
Respiration is one of the important chemical processes, which is carried out by all living organisms including plants, animals, and humans in order to release energy required for life processes. Respiration is of two major kinds; Aerobic and Anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is completed in two broad phases, namely external respiration, and internal or cellular respiration. Internal respiration is the cellular uptake of ${ O }_{ 2 }$ and oxidation of fuel molecules, releasing ${ CO }_{ 2 }$, ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }$, and energy. Aerobic respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. It occurs in the cell cytoplasm through a chain of enzymatic reactions, without the participation of ${ O }_{ 2 }$. Krebs cycle is the cycle of aerobic reactions by which energy- rich compound acetyl CoA is oxidized yielding ${ CO }_{ 2 }$, ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }$, ATP, and energized H atoms. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. The electron transport chain or respiration chain is a complex multienzyme chain, which transports energized hydrogen or electrons from a donor molecule to molecular oxygen. It involves a series of redox reactions.
So, the answer is 'Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and terminal oxidation.'

Additional Information:
- Anaerobic respiration is also called anaerobic fermentation. It is the partial oxidation of fuel molecules in the absence of molecular oxygen.
- It releases only a small portion of the energy store of fuel molecules.
- Part of this released energy gets subsequently conserved in ATP bonds and the rest is lost as heat.
- Anaerobic respiration is common among yeasts, some bacteria, and several endoparasites, which all live in the oxygen- free environment.

Note:
- Glycolysis is a universal basic pathway of glucose oxidation in plants, animals, and most microbes.
- In some mammalian cells and tissues, Glycolysis is the major source of metabolic energy.
- The successive steps of the glycolytic pathway were elucidated by the German biochemist Embden and Meyerhoff and the Russian biochemist Parnas. For this reason, the glycolytic pathway is referred to as the Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway.