Question

Consider the following statements.
(i) An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature and comprises abiotic and biotic components.
(ii) Abiotic components are organic materials.
(iii) Biotic components are producers, consumers and decomposers.
(iv) Energy flow is bidirectional.
Which two statements are correct?
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (ii) and (iv)
C. (iii) and (iv)
D. (i) and (iii)

Answer 1

Hint: An ecosystem is a place where plants, animals, and other organisms interact with the environment, weather, and other variables to form a bubble of life. In ecosystems, biotic and abiotic factors—or nonliving components—coexist. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other species. Abiotic variables include things like rocks, temperature, and humidity.


Complete step by step solution:
Ecosystems can vary greatly in size. Tide pools, or the ponds that the ocean leaves behind as the tide recedes, are full-fledged, miniature ecosystems. A type of algae called seaweed is found in tide pools, and it produces food through photosynthesis. Seaweed is consumed by herbivores like abalone. Sea stars and other carnivorous creatures in tide pools consume clams and mussels. Tide pools are reliant on the fluctuating ocean water level. When the tide is in and the pool is full, certain creatures, like seaweed, thrive in an aquatic environment.

Living things, dead organic matter they produce, the abiotic environment in which they exist and exchange materials, as well as interactions between these elements, are all parts of an ecosystem. The continuing interactions between living things and their environment that produce complex systems with emergent characteristics like "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" and "everything is interrelated" are included in the concept of ecosystems. The idea that all living organisms in a habitat interact with one another as well as with other components, such as resources and other living creatures, is referred to as an ecosystem.. Ecosystems deal with the movement of nutrients and energy within a system or community.

Therefore option D, (i) and (iii), is the correct answer.

Note:
Earth's surface is made up of a network of interconnected ecosystems. In a bigger biome, ecosystems are frequently interconnected. Large areas of land, water, or atmosphere are known as biomes. For instance, biomes include things like forests, ponds, reefs, and tundra. They are arranged fairly broadly according to the kinds of animals and plants that inhabit them.