Question

Choose the correct matching

Column I	Column II
(a) Element with largest size in second period	(i) Boron
(b) Element with smallest size in group 13	(ii) Fluorine
(c) Element with maximum non-metallic character	(iii) Bromine
(d) Element with smallest in fourth period	(iv) Lithium

A) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
B) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
C) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
D) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)

Answer 1

Hint: Recall the periodic trends in the physical and chemical properties of the elements. As we move down the group, atomic size increases whereas it decreases across the period of moving from left to right. Non-metallic character decreases as we move down the group whereas increases on moving from left to right across the period.

Complete answer:
The horizontal rows in the periodic table are known as periods and the vertical columns in the periodic table are known as groups.
Now, let us discuss each statement given in column (I):
(a) Element with largest size in second period.
Second periods consist of elements beginning from lithium (Li) and ending with neon (Ne). The atomic size of the elements decreases when we move from left to right in a period. This is because within a period, the outer valence electrons are added in the same valence shell and thus, the effective nuclear charge increases, resulting in the increased attraction to the nucleus. Therefore, lithium has the largest size in the second period because it is the first element of the second period. Thus, the correct match for (a) is (iv).
(b) Element with smallest size in group 13.
Group 13 constitutes the elements: boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In) and thallium (Tl). When we move from top to bottom in a group, atomic size increases with increase in atomic number. This is because the principal quantum number ($n$) increases with increase in atomic number and the valence electrons are farther away from the nucleus. Therefore, boron has the smallest size because it is the first element of the group 13. Thus, the correct match for (b) is (i).
(c) Element with maximum non-metallic character.
Non-metallic character is directly related to the ability to accept electrons. It decreases as we move down the group whereas increases on moving from left to right across the period. In this way, fluorine which is the most electronegative element and consequently, has the highest tendency to accept electrons, has maximum non-metallic character. Therefore, the match for (c) is (ii).
(d) Element with smallest size in fourth period.
Fourth period consists of the elements beginning from potassium and ending with krypton (a noble gas). As we move across the period from left to right, atomic size decreases with increase in atomic number. But noble gases have larger size than halogens. Therefore, halogen ‘bromine’ which comes before krypton in the fourth period has the smallest size. Thus, the match for (d) is (iii).

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Note:
Noble gases, also known as inert gases, are chemically least reactive. Their inertness to chemical reactivity is attributed to their full-filled valence electronic configuration. Thus, it should be noted that non-metallic character is not considered for noble gases because of their little tendency to gain electrons.