Question

How do characteristics of mother and father get transmitted in a human body?

Answer 1

Hint: DNA also known as Deoxyribose nucleic acid. It is the blueprint that contains information to pass from one generation to another generation. The DNA replication helps to transmit the character from parents to offspring. It is an important step in reproduction.

Complete answer: The characteristics of the mother and father get transmitted into the embryo because both X and Y chromosomes carry genes.
The X chromosome from mother and Y from father fuses to form male zygote and when X chromosome from mother and X chromosome from father fuses it leads to formation of a female child.
Without the copying of the DNA life would not continue as existing organisms would not be able to reproduce and replace themselves. Life is dependent on the information stored on the DNA. Without replication of the DNA the information would not be passed on and hence it is the most basic step in passing information and characters from parents to offspring.
DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Thus information to be passed is stored in genetic material of an organism.
In DNA replication, the DNA is first divided into two daughter strands in the genome, which carries the exact genetic information as the original cell.

Note: Each organism contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
1 pair of sex chromosomes:- The sex chromosomes that take part in determining the sex of child. X and Y are sex chromosomes. They carry information to pass from one generation to next
22 pair autosomes:- the chromosomes that do not take part in determining sex of a child.