Question

Artificial sweetener, which is stable under cold conditions only, is:
A. saccharine
B. sucralose
C. aspartame
D. alitame

Answer 1

Hint: Artificial sweeteners are used for weight loss, dental care, reactive hypoglycemia and cheap cost. Mostly all the artificial sweeteners are highly stable at normal temperatures or at high temperatures. Hence they are used in cooking and baking.

Complete step by step solution:
Artificial sweeteners are the chemical alternatives of sugar which provide sweet taste. It has less energy than the natural sugar sweeteners. It can be prepared from plants or through chemical synthesis. Among them sucralose is the most common one. These are also used in diet drinks.
There are different types of artificial sweeteners. They are sugar alcohols, sucralose, stevia, saccharin, cyclamate, mogrosides, aspartame, acesulfame potassium etc.
A. Saccharin is used as a non-caloric sweetener. They are 300-400 times sweeter than sucrose. They are used to sweeten drinks, candies, toothpaste, cookies, medicine etc. Saccharine is a cyclic sulfamide having molecular formula ${{\text{C}}_7}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{S}}$. Its melting point is very high and it is heat stable. It can have an unpleasant taste or bitter taste further. It is soluble in acetone and ethanol.
B. It is 600 times sweeter than sucrose, 3 times than aspartame and acesulfame potassium, twice as sweet as saccharin. It is also stable at high temperatures.
C. Aspartame consists of aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol. It is 180-200 times sweeter than sugar. They are used in frozen desserts, gelatins, chewing gums and beverages. At high temperature, it decomposed into constituent amino acids. Thus it is referred to as a baking sweetener. Its melting point is very low. Thus is stable at very cool conditions.
D. Alitame is a non-nutritive intensive artificial sweetener. It is a protein and dipeptide. It is sweet because it has small to moderate ring size. The carbocyclic ring has sulfur in it.
Additional information:
Chemical name of aspartame is aspartyl-phenylalanine methyl ester. Aspartame is held together by covalent bonds. Their bonds are broken at temperatures greater than $30^o$C.

Note: Artificial sweetener aspartame was discovered in 1965. Excessive use of aspartame can lead to emotional disorders like depression. Other disorders related to excessive usage of aspartame are headache, memory loss, seizures, addiction.