Question

What are the outcomes of application of plant tissue culture? (Any ten)

Answer 1

Hint: Plant tissue culture is the techniques which are widely used to grow better quality plants, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.. Several techniques are used for plant tissue culture. Clones are made using this technique.

Complete answer:
There are several applications of plant tissue culture. The outcomes of application of plant tissue culture are as follows:

- Micropropagation is widely used for the development and preparation of foliage and ornamental plants.
- By this technique, ornamental plants are produced in large numbers which are used for decoration purposes.
- Through the process of apical meristem culture, virus free germplasm is produced.
- By obtaining the technique of somatic embryogenesis, several types of artificial synthetic seeds are produced.
- Plant tissue culture is used for the production of secondary metabolites in large quantities.
- Protoplasmic fusion enables the genomes of incompatible crops to form somatic hybrids together.
- Several methods of plant tissue cultures are employed in plants for the introduction of a foreign gene into the plant cells.
- Tissue culture also helps in the induction of haploidy in case of another culture.
- Embryo culture technique is applied to overcome embryo abortion, seed dormancy . and self-sterility in seeds.
- Plant tissue culture is applied in the area of plant physiological and biochemical research fields to study the various aspects and mechanisms of a cell like cell cycle, metabolism, nutritional, morphogenetic and developmental studies in plants.

Additional information:
The plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. Different techniques of the plant tissue culture offers advantages over traditional methods of propagation, like: the production of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers, fruits, or have other desirable traits are obtained, this can be used to quickly produce a mature plant, production of multiple plants in the absence of seed or pollinators to produce seeds, for cleaning a particular plants with viral and other infections and to quickly multiply these plants as 'cleaned stock' for horticulture and agriculture etc.

Note: Tissue culture method involves the use of small pieces of plant tissue, called explants, which are carefully cultured in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions and frequent observations. These plants are regularly induced for rapid production of new shoots and also with the addition of suitable hormones, new roots are also developed. The new plants are then placed in soil and grown in the normal manner.