Question

What are the major grooves and minor grooves of DNA?

Answer 1

Hint: Here in the question they are asking about the grooves of DNA. So, we have to first know that grooves are just the depressions in the structure of DNA. And from major and minor we can conclude that major will be the big ones and minor will be the small ones in the usual structure of DNA.

Complete solution:
We know that DNA is a group of molecules that carry and transmit the genetic information from parents to offspring. DNA is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nucleotide bases (cytosine, guanine, thymine and adenine).
We can also compare the structure of DNA as twisted threads- double-helix structure. Two strands of DNA run in opposite directions and are joined together by hydrogen bonds.
Grooves mean the depression or cut that is present in the structure of DNA. Major grooves and minor grooves run continuously along the entire length of DNA molecules. They are just opposite to each other. Grooves arise from the antiparallel arrangement of DNA strands, consider them as bumps in the road. Major groove is a wider depression than the minor groove.
Grooves are very important as they create the site of attachment of DNA binding proteins that are involved in the process of replication and transcription.

Note:
Grooves are actually present in the structure of DNA, they serve an important role in replication and transcription. They also arise due to glycosidic bonds that are not diametrically opposite to each other. Major groove forms an angle of 2400 and minor groove forms an angle of 1200.