A number x is selected at random from the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4. Another number y is selected at random from the numbers 1, 4, 9, 16. Find the probability that the product of x and y is less than 16.
Answer
Verified
Hint: Count the number of cases present then use the formula of probability to solve the problem. We want $x \times y < 16$ and we have 4 given values for both x and y. So, we have 16 total cases. Now, let’s count all the possible cases where $x \times y < 16$ . $\ x \times y < 16 \\ 1 \times 1 < 16 \\ 1 \times 4 < 16 \\ 1 \times 9 < 16 \\ 2 \times 1 < 16 \\ 2 \times 4 < 16 \\ 3 \times 1 < 16 \\ 3 \times 4 < 16 \\ 4 \times 1 < 16 \\ \ $
As above mentioned, we have 8 cases which satisfy a given condition. We know the for of probability P as $p = \dfrac{{{\text{Number of favourable cases}}}}{{{\text{Number of total cases}}}}$ .On putting the values, $p = \dfrac{8}{{{\text{16}}}} = \dfrac{1}{2}$ So $\dfrac{1}{2}$ is the required probability. Note: there is one more method in probability theory to solve this question but we found it easier to understand.
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