Question

Write the importance of cryopreservation in the conservation of biodiversity.

Answer 1

Hint: It is a method of storage of cell, tissue, and organ at very temperature. In cryopreservation ‘kryo’ means ‘frost’. It mainly deals with preservation of biological materials.

Complete answer:
Cryopreservation safeguards the genetic integrity of valuable stains. It offers generation time and allows for the further contribution of genetics. The suitable combination of cryoprotectants and regimes of cooling allows successful cryopreservation of biological material such as semen, embryos, oocyte, ovarian, tissues, cells, rare species samples, etc. It is a process where biological constructs susceptible to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperature -196 celsius using liquid nitrogen.
The advantage of cryopreservation:
-Once the material is successfully conserved to a particular temperature it can be preserved indefinitely.
-Once in storage no chance of new contamination of fungus or bacteria.
-This practice requires minimal storage space and minimal labor

Additional Information: -Cryopreservation means storage at a very low temperature such as deep-frozen at 80˚C, in vapor phase nitrogen at -150˚C or in liquid nitrogen -196˚C.
-The cryopreservation process involves the following steps:
Step I- Selection of material
Step II- Addition of cryoprotectant
Step III- Freezing
Step IV- Storage in liquid nitrogen
Step V- Thawing
Step VI- Washing and reculturing
Step VII- Measurement of viability
Step VIII- Regeneration of culture

Note:
 -Cryobanks: This a place for secure storage and distribution of validated cell lines.
-Three types of freezing are done in the process of cryopreservation:
Rapid freezing- freezing is done quickly so that there should be least change or development of the intracellular.
Slow freezing- in this due to cooling below freezing point extracellular crystal are formed not intracellular
Stepwise freezing- Freezing stopped for 30 mins and then rapidly frozen in Liq. Nitrogen that results in a decline in temperature a good result is obtained.