Question

Why do organisms reproduce?

Answer 1

Hint: Reproduction is the natural phenomenon required for the reiteration of specific species generation, rather than the species extinct from the earth. It also acts as a source of recombination.

Complete answer:
Reproduction is a mechanism by which individuals create the same sort of new individuals. And that process is very important for life on earth to survive. Different species reproduce in various forms. The reproduction of species takes two forms:

> Asexual reproduction – Only a single parent is involved in this process, and there is no gamete formation.

> Sexual reproduction – Two parents are involved in this process, and there is gamete formation. Meiosis is a major step toward sexual reproduction.

> Asexual reproduction is further broken down into:
- Fission (Mother cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a nucleus. Amoeba divides into binary fission cells).
- Budding (outgrowth is created from the cell from which a new organism is formed, and the developed organism remains attached to the parent organism and only separates when it matures, prominent in yeast and hydra).
- Vegetative propagation (a new plant develops from parent fragments and the offspring are the exact clones of the original plant. Common ways of vegetative propagation are grafting, layering, cutting, tuber cultivation, tissue cultivation, etc.).
- Regeneration (We had observed in organisms such as Hydra and Planaria that each component develops into a new organism if they are split into many pieces).
- Spore formation (Organisms form knob-like structures called sporangium during spore formation. This occurs in an insufficient supply of moisture and nutrients under adverse times. They start rising when conditions are favourable).

> Sexual Reproduction: Sexual reproduction is a natural reproductive method that exists in all multicellular species. This process involves two people producing offspring. In this, the gametes of male and female fuse together to create a new cell. Usually seen in higher plants and mammals.

Additional information:
Sexual reproduction in plants occurs in the angiosperms as by male and female reproductive organs. Both gametes fuse and this process are known as fertilization. It forms a zygote and becomes an embryo. These give rise to a new seed that progressively becomes a fruit. Sexual reproduction in humans by male testes and female ovaries are responsible for male sperm development and female egg production. During fertilization, the sperm fuses with the egg which results in a zygote formation and further divides and forms an embryo. With the aid of the placenta, the embryo continues to develop week by week finding nutrients from the mother. After nine months a new individual eventually emerges.

Note: Organisms replicate to maintain the life chain, to pass on the genes accumulated over the centuries. It helps pass their characteristics on to their offspring and retains the characteristics of the species in different generations. It also creates variations that are long-lasting useful for species survival.