Question

Which two members of NAM were engaged in prolonged conflict?
A. India and China
B. India and Pakistan
C. Iran and Iraq
D. None of these

Answer 1

Hint: NAM or Non Aligned movement was launched during the cold war. Countries which recently got independence wished neither to join with the USA or USSR and wanted to keep their sovereignty and independence. It was founded under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, and Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt.

Complete answer:
The first NAM conference took place in Yugoslavia in 1961.Over 120 members and 53 countries joined the summit. The purpose of the movement was to maintain territorial integrity, national independence and sovereignty in the struggle against any kind of subjugation, neo-colonialism, racism and imperialism. The nations who were a part of NAM were Afghanistan, Angola, Algeria, India, China, Pakistan, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq etc.

However, we have seen in the past, how members of NAM have engaged in wars and prolonged conflicts. Let's take the case of India and China. Since independence the two nations have been in four military conflicts: Sino-Indian War of 1962 over the issue of Arunachal Pradesh, Chola Incident in 1967, border clashes between the Chinese and Indian army, Sino-Indian Skirmish in 1987, a military standoff in Sumdorong Chu Valley, 2017 and clashes at the Doklam plateau.

Now talking about India and Pakistan, the relations have never been stable between the two nations since nations. Since independence, the military tensions rose up and both nations are engaged in wars and conflicts. There has been a total of 11 military clashes, conflicts and wars between the two nations.
First Kashmir war of 1947, Second Kashmir war of 1965, Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, Siachen conflict, Kargil conflict, India-Pakistan Standoff of 2001-2002, India-Pakistan Standoff of 2008, India-Pakistan border conflict of 2013.

Now taking Iran and Iraq, both nations have stable relations with supporting each other against ISIS. Talking about the wars and conflicts, two nations have engaged 8 times in wars and conflicts, which were-Iraqi invasion of 1980, Stalemate of 1981, Iraqi retreat, Iranian offensive of 1982, Second battle of Khorramshahr, Strategic stalemate and war of attrition of 1983-84, Offensive and retreats of 1985-86 and Karbala operations.

Thus one thing is clear that India and Pakistan have been in prolonged conflicts and wars, therefore, the correct option is B.

Note: Recently India and China have been engaged in border disputes over the region of Ladakh. China has captured a sizable land of Ladakh. While India and Pakistan are also engaged in border conflicts on Line of Control(LOC).